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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge collected Welsh ______ in order to preserve the culture.
(a) Verse.
(b) Sculptures.
(c) Prose.
(d) Art.

2. According to the book, the Rev. Macpherson helped start a cultural re-writing process that lasted for a _______.
(a) Year.
(b) Century.
(c) Decade.
(d) Milennium.

3. According to the author, values and norms are established through ______ in ritual and tie back to the past.
(a) Singular use.
(b) Repetition.
(c) Sacrifice.
(d) Chanting.

4. In the middle of the nineteenth century a book called the _______ of the Clans was written that reinforced the myth.
(a) Cloth.
(b) Dress.
(c) Garb.
(d) Costume.

5. The author states that the invention of tradition involves _______ and ritualization with reference to the past.
(a) Institutionalization.
(b) Formalization.
(c) Infrastructure.
(d) Inspiration.

Short Answer Questions

1. Hobsbawm suggests that the 19th century _____ ideology of social change had to have a new tradition to support it, since it didn't fit in old patterns.

2. In particular, the author suggests that historians pay attention to the creation of all of the following concepts except _______.

3. In 1773, _______ of Balenau published a book of medieval Welsh poetry that revived interest in the Welsh language.

4. The druids were a major part of the Welsh culture and were rediscovered during the time of the _________.

5. According to the book, the Highland culture was created in _______ distinct stages, the first occurring in the eighteenth century.

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the meaning and the practice of the tradition 'eisteddfod' according to the book?

2. What are two of the general values that new invented traditions tend to inculcate, according to the book?

3. What did James Macpherson do in order to help invent the history of the Scottish people?

4. Who does the book uncover the Scots to be, unlike what many people today think of the Scottish people?

5. Who are the three individuals mentioned by the author as being helpful for inventing a distinct history?

6. How does the author use the term 'invented tradition' in this manuscript?

7. What did the oldest part of the history say about the Welsh and the people of Wales?

8. What does the author mean in this manuscript when he says that traditions have tacit rules?

9. What are the three different types of invented traditions, according to the book?

10. What specific group of leaders began to struggle to maintain Welsh culture, according to the book?

(see the answer keys)

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