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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The author suggests that one of the aspects of _______ is the fact that they have an ideological function.
(a) Ritual.
(b) Custom.
(c) Routine.
(d) Tradition.

2. Although descendants of the ______ kings challenge later books in terms of accuracy, the book in question #53 was never challenged.
(a) William.
(b) Stuart.
(c) Hapsburg.
(d) Wallace.

3. The invented traditions referred to in question 17 include all of the following types except _______.
(a) Traditions that legitimize institutions of authority.
(b) Traditions that seek to usurp authority.
(c) Traditions that promote socialization.
(d) Traditions that establish or symbolize social cohesion.

4. According to the book, Welsh scholars and patriots rediscovered past traditions in all of the following areas except ______.
(a) Linguistic.
(b) Literary.
(c) Musical.
(d) Historical.

5. According to the book, the stages of creating the Highland tradition included all of the following elements except _______.
(a) The adoption of new traditions by Lowland Scots.
(b) Artificial creation of new Highland traditions.
(c) Cultural revolt against England.
(d) Cultural revolt against Ireland.

6. One of the costume changes that occurred was the discontinuation of use of the ______.
(a) Kilt.
(b) Long shirt.
(c) Short shirt.
(d) Socks.

7. Hobsbawm claims that in Wales a native legal system was abolished and the old _______ was outlawed.
(a) Language.
(b) Poetry.
(c) Style of dress.
(d) Music.

8. According to the author, values and norms are established through ______ in ritual and tie back to the past.
(a) Sacrifice.
(b) Repetition.
(c) Singular use.
(d) Chanting.

9. The spread of Highland dress was brought about by the Highland Society in _____ in the eighteenth century.
(a) Paris.
(b) Edinburgh.
(c) Cornwall.
(d) London.

10. According to the book, the ______ movement and its association with the noble savage helped produce the invented tradition.
(a) Romantic.
(b) Industrial.
(c) Enlightenment.
(d) Commercial.

11. Hobsbawm claims that Sir Walter Scott and _______ promoted the Highland takeover.
(a) Lieutenant Williams.
(b) Colonel Stewart.
(c) Lieutenant Stewart.
(d) Colonel Williams.

12. The people of the Highlands are known as a _______ society.
(a) Germanic.
(b) Celtic.
(c) Barbaric.
(d) Berber.

13. A number of _______ including Iolo Morganwg became interested in the old Druid practices.
(a) Physicians.
(b) Psychologists.
(c) Archaeologists.
(d) Anthropologists.

14. Hobsbawm suggests that the Scottish symbols and practices existed in the past in rudimentary form but were considered ______ by most Scots.
(a) Noble.
(b) Fashionable.
(c) Barbaric.
(d) Elegant.

15. In chapter one, the author introduces his concept of ________ which are tied to false histories and have contemporary origins.
(a) Valid traditions.
(b) Constructed traditions.
(c) False traditions.
(d) Invented traditions.

Short Answer Questions

1. The author asserts that attitudes were ______ in Wales and thus there was a loss of cultural self-confidence.

2. In the middle of the nineteenth century a book called the _______ of the Clans was written that reinforced the myth.

3. According to the book, the notion of a distinct Highland culture is a myth that did not exist prior to the _______ century.

4. The author discusses the history of the kilt, which is also known as the ________.

5. According to the book, the Highland culture was created in _______ distinct stages, the first occurring in the eighteenth century.

(see the answer keys)

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