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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Halberstam say General Westmoreland was projecting after 1965?
(a) More political pressure and fewer battles.
(b) More casualties, but also more political victories.
(c) More troops and more years of war.
(d) More bombings and fewer troops on the ground.

2. Who was it who authorized a paper that would rationalize an exit from Vietnam?
(a) McGeorge Bundy.
(b) John McNaughton.
(c) Averell Harriman.
(d) Robert McNamara.

3. When did McNamara say the U.S. would be out of Vietnam, when he visited the country?
(a) By the end of 1968.
(b) By the end of 1965.
(c) By 1970.
(d) By the beginning of 1966.

4. What does Halberstam say was going to cause the realities of the war to be made public?
(a) Passage of the Freedom of Information Act.
(b) The media.
(c) The process of paying for the war.
(d) Leaks from inside the government.

5. Why did President Johnson authorize bombing attacks on North Vietnam, in Halberstam's account?
(a) He believed that if Vietnam went Communist, the rest of the region would turn Communist as well.
(b) He thought that an overwhelming display of force would convince other nations in the region to accept American influence.
(c) He thought that breaking Vietcong resistance would create trade opportunities for American companies.
(d) He thought that bombing was a final resort, and after it failed, he could strategically withdraw.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Halberstam say was the outcome of the report on the bombing attacks?

2. Who was named commander of American forces in Vietnam in June 1964?

3. When does Halberstam say the Johnson administration realized that Bundy was necessary to their planning?

4. When did the Spring offensive start in Vietnam?

5. What does Halberstam say was the purpose of operation Rolling Thunder?

Short Essay Questions

1. Who was interested in overthrowing Diem?

2. What was the military's position on bombing North Vietnam?

3. What was the result of the first direct confrontation with Vietcong and American troops?

4. What does Halberstam say happened when Westmoreland assumed control?

5. What was the intelligence community's assessment of Rolling Thunder?

6. What happened during the Gulf of Tonkin incident?

7. What did the Johnson administration tell America as it committed more troops to Vietnam?

8. What does Halberstam say began to change in early 1964?

9. What issues were discussed as there started to be struggles over Vietnam strategy in mid-1965?

10. What were the alternatives the staff in Vietnam laid out for Maxwell Taylor when he visited Vietnam in the fall of 1964?

(see the answer keys)

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