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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapters 19-20.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why did President Johnson authorize bombing attacks on North Vietnam, in Halberstam's account?
(a) He thought that an overwhelming display of force would convince other nations in the region to accept American influence.
(b) He thought that bombing was a final resort, and after it failed, he could strategically withdraw.
(c) He believed that if Vietnam went Communist, the rest of the region would turn Communist as well.
(d) He thought that breaking Vietcong resistance would create trade opportunities for American companies.

2. Whose input did the French and Americans ignore about Vietnam, in Halberstam's account?
(a) Generals.
(b) Military advisers.
(c) Diplomats.
(d) Lower-level officers.

3. Why hadn't Roosevelt stopped the French from returning to Indochina after the war, in Halberstam's account?
(a) He could not get a censure from the United Nations.
(b) He did not have the authority to.
(c) He needed France for its support of American monetary policy.
(d) There was no post-war plan to prevent them.

4. How does Halberstam say the U.S. spun the Gulf of Tonkin incident?
(a) They said that the use of napalm was necessary now.
(b) They said that the offensive was completely unexpected.
(c) They said that the U.S. ship had been attacked.
(d) They said that the U.S. plane was in international airspace.

5. Who tipped off Senator Wayne Morse about the real situation of the Gulf of Tonkin incident?
(a) General Westmoreland.
(b) McGeorge Bundy.
(c) President Johnson.
(d) An anonymous caller.

Short Answer Questions

1. When did McNamara say the U.S. would be out of Vietnam, when he visited the country?

2. Why does Halberstam say that September and October of 1963 were good for the Kennedy administration?

3. What events does Halberstam say affected American perceptions of its global priorities?

4. Why didn't Kennedy offer the position of Secretary of State to David Bruce?

5. Who does Halberstam say remained loyal to Diem when the coup began?

(see the answer key)

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