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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What plan was the U.S. government following by the end of 1964?
(a) Pour as many resources as necessary into Vietnam.
(b) Expand the pacification program.
(c) Limit bombing but increase troops on the ground.
(d) Restrict operations to bombing missions.

2. Who was named commander of American forces in Vietnam in June 1964?
(a) Maxwell Taylor.
(b) Averell Harriman.
(c) General Harkins.
(d) General William C. Westmoreland.

3. How does Halberstam say the U.S. spun the Gulf of Tonkin incident?
(a) They said that the use of napalm was necessary now.
(b) They said that the U.S. ship had been attacked.
(c) They said that the offensive was completely unexpected.
(d) They said that the U.S. plane was in international airspace.

4. What did the U.S. embassy offer to Diem and Nhu when the coup began?
(a) Protection against their enemies.
(b) Retribution against their enemies.
(c) Return to power.
(d) Safe conduct out of the country.

5. What evidence does Halberstam give for the deterioration of the mood in America?
(a) Civil rights protests.
(b) Confrontational anti-war protests.
(c) Seats being lost in mid-term elections.
(d) Budget fights in the Senate.

6. What does Halberstam say was the result of the Spring Offensive?
(a) General Westmoreland raised troop levels to 200,000.
(b) The military employed more bombers.
(c) American troop levels were reduced to 20,000.
(d) General Harkin withdrew from his post.

7. What event does Halberstam say triggered bombing operations against the North?
(a) The Bay of Pigs invasion.
(b) The Gulf of Tonkin Incident.
(c) A North Vietnamese attack on American B-57 bombers.
(d) A North Vietnamese success in the Mekong Delta.

8. What does Halberstam say was the result of the Gulf of Tonkin incident?
(a) Bombing of North Vietnam.
(b) An end of diplomacy.
(c) The use of napalm.
(d) A Northern offensive.

9. What did Hanoi do in response to U.S. war games in the South?
(a) Launch the Gulf of Tonkin attacks.
(b) Send more Vietcong down the trails.
(c) Withdraw troops from the South.
(d) Seek peace talks.

10. What does Halberstam say became clear by the time Rolling Thunder had been in effect for six weeks?
(a) That it was only a matter of time until Hanoi capitulated.
(b) That Rolling Thunder was not breaking the North's resistance.
(c) That Rolling Thunder was not going to make Hanoi capitulate.
(d) That Rolling Thunder was breaking the Vietcong supply routes.

11. What was McNamara beginning to suspect in Vietnam?
(a) Diem's trustworthiness.
(b) The accuracy of bleak military reports.
(c) The patience of the American electorate.
(d) The capacity for victory in a guerilla war.

12. What did the fact-finding trip to Vietnam in early 1965 coincide with?
(a) Premiere Kosygin's visit to Hanoi.
(b) Civil rights demonstrations in Alabama.
(c) The creation of Social Security in America.
(d) The assassination of Martin Luther King. Jr.

13. In what way does Halberstam say that Lyndon Johnson resembled Kennedy in his management style?
(a) Johnson trusted the military's reports.
(b) Johnson did not seek a wide variety of opinions.
(c) Johnson sought out expert opinions beyond his cabinet.
(d) Johnson used a cabinet of enemies.

14. What does Halberstam say was the outcome of the report on the bombing attacks?
(a) The report resulted in the withdrawal of American combat troops.
(b) The report led to sanctions against the American military.
(c) The report resulted justifiying sending more troops and bombers to Vietnam.
(d) The report was ignored, although it delayed the bombings.

15. What does Halberstam say happened to Diem and Nhu after they fled?
(a) They were captured and killed.
(b) They returned to power.
(c) They reached America and settled there.
(d) They were granted haven in Japan.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Halberstam say was the Joint Chiefs of Staff's perception of the problem in Vietnam?

2. What pressure does Halberstam say the events of September and October of 1963 relieved for Kennedy?

3. How did Lyndon Johnson want to be remembered, in Halberstam's account?

4. Who was in charge of the operation code named 34A?

5. Who does Halberstam say remained loyal to Diem when the coup began?

(see the answer keys)

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