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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What pressure does Halberstam say the events of September and October of 1963 relieved for Kennedy?
(a) He felt like he was finally hitting his stride in the presidency.
(b) He was relieved of budgetary pressure.
(c) He no longer felt the political pressure to deliver a victory.
(d) He no longer felt the need to prove himself to Kruschev.

2. What does Halberstam say was the conclusion of the study that analyzed the results of a bombing attack against the north?
(a) The report concluded that bombing would overwhelm the people, and drain support for further attacks.
(b) The report concluded that bombing would strengthen the North by building opposition to the Americans.
(c) The report concluded that bombing would deter any further guerilla-style attacks against the South.
(d) The report concluded that bombing would break the Vietcong's supply routes, and end resistance.

3. What happened in the Gulf of Tonkin as a part of 34A?
(a) The VIetcong launched missiles at an American plane.
(b) An American ship was torpedoed.
(c) An American plane was shot down by Russian Migs.
(d) An American ship sunk a North Vietnamese PT boat.

4. What does Halberstam say was the outcome of the report on the bombing attacks?
(a) The report led to sanctions against the American military.
(b) The report resulted in the withdrawal of American combat troops.
(c) The report was ignored, although it delayed the bombings.
(d) The report resulted justifiying sending more troops and bombers to Vietnam.

5. The war continued until which President took office?
(a) Ford.
(b) Reagan.
(c) Nixon.
(d) Carter.

6. Who was the only administration insider arguing against escalation?
(a) McGeorge Bundy.
(b) Averell Harriman.
(c) George Ball.
(d) Maxwell Taylor.

7. When did McNamara say the U.S. would be out of Vietnam, when he visited the country?
(a) By 1970.
(b) By the end of 1965.
(c) By the beginning of 1966.
(d) By the end of 1968.

8. What does Halberstam say General Westmoreland was asking President Johnson for, now that he was in control of Vietnam?
(a) More bombers.
(b) More combat troops.
(c) More time.
(d) More fighter jets.

9. What does Halberstam say was the effect of the Gulf of Tonkin incident on the U.S. government?
(a) It led some to question the legality of the war.
(b) It demonstrated that American strategy was working.
(c) It strengthened U.S. resolve to win in Vietnam.
(d) It convinced Americans that the war was senseless.

10. When did Khanh overthrow the generals in Vietnam?
(a) December, 1963.
(b) April, 1965.
(c) December, 1964.
(d) February, 1964.

11. What kind of problem does Halberstam say the cost of the war caused for the Johnson administration?
(a) Budget problems.
(b) Public relations problems.
(c) Disclosure problems.
(d) Moral problems.

12. What does Halberstam say the administration had led the American people to believe about the war?
(a) That international consensus would build in support of America's actions.
(b) That it would not be a large war.
(c) That the war would pay for itself.
(d) That American air power would win the war quickly.

13. What did the U.S. embassy offer to Diem and Nhu when the coup began?
(a) Retribution against their enemies.
(b) Safe conduct out of the country.
(c) Protection against their enemies.
(d) Return to power.

14. What does Halberstam say was the Joint Chiefs of Staff's perception of the problem in Vietnam?
(a) They thought it was a military problem.
(b) They thought it could be solved by bombing.
(c) They were planning to solve it with a coup.
(d) They thought it could be resolved diplomatically.

15. What evidence does Halberstam say the President was presented with to make the case for bombing?
(a) Jobs reports in districts where bombs were manufactured.
(b) U.S. soldiers' atrocities.
(c) Test results from the bomb manufacturers.
(d) U.S. soldiers' casualty rates.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was McNamara beginning to suspect in Vietnam?

2. How does Halberstam say the Americans responded when the Vietcong attacked Pleiku?

3. How does Halberstam say the U.S. spun the Gulf of Tonkin incident?

4. What does Halberstam say was going to cause the realities of the war to be made public?

5. Who tipped off Senator Wayne Morse about the real situation of the Gulf of Tonkin incident?

(see the answer keys)

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