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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What feeling does Halberstam say Americans were feeling as the war went on and on?
(a) Disgust.
(b) Urgency.
(c) Numbness.
(d) Aggression.

2. Who was the only administration insider arguing against escalation?
(a) George Ball.
(b) McGeorge Bundy.
(c) Averell Harriman.
(d) Maxwell Taylor.

3. When did Khanh overthrow the generals in Vietnam?
(a) April, 1965.
(b) February, 1964.
(c) December, 1963.
(d) December, 1964.

4. Why does Halberstam say that September and October of 1963 were good for the Kennedy administration?
(a) Averell Harriman made progress on the test ban treaty.
(b) There was accord on civil rights issues.
(c) The administration was prepared to pick up seats in special elections.
(d) The military made progress in the Mekong Delta.

5. What did the code 34A stand for in the White House?
(a) The plan to bomb North Vietnam.
(b) Diplomacy to end the war.
(c) The covert actions that responded to the Gulf of Tonkin incident.
(d) Search and destroy missions.

6. What does Halberstam say was the result of the Gulf of Tonkin incident?
(a) Bombing of North Vietnam.
(b) The use of napalm.
(c) A Northern offensive.
(d) An end of diplomacy.

7. What strategy does Halberstam say evolved out of the struggle over troop strength?
(a) A search-and-destroy strategy.
(b) The bombing campaign.
(c) The use of napalm.
(d) Bombing of Cambodia.

8. How was the situation changing in South Vietnam in early 1965?
(a) The civilians were becoming more passive.
(b) The government was losing credibility.
(c) The Communists were winning more territory.
(d) The Buddhists were becoming more restive.

9. Who does Halberstam say remained loyal to Diem when the coup began?
(a) The Palace Guard.
(b) The people.
(c) The southern part of the country.
(d) The merchants.

10. What does Halberstam say happened when control shifted out of Taylor's hands in March and April 1965?
(a) Reports began to describe American troops' atrocities.
(b) Reports began to reduce estimations of Vietcong troop strength.
(c) Reports began to be closer to actual realities.
(d) Reports began to be issued with greater frequency.

11. What does Halberstam say was the beginning of the 'credibility gap'?
(a) When the military gave the government falsified reports on progress in Vietnam.
(b) When the government's figures were revised to protect Johnson's Great Society program.
(c) When U.S. deaths in Vietnam were withheld.
(d) When the media began to exploit photographs to build opposition to the war.

12. What does Halberstam say was going to cause the realities of the war to be made public?
(a) Leaks from inside the government.
(b) The process of paying for the war.
(c) Passage of the Freedom of Information Act.
(d) The media.

13. Who does Halberstam say was especially vocal in calling for a change in U.S. Vietnam policy?
(a) McGeorge Bundy.
(b) Maxwell Taylor.
(c) General Westmoreland.
(d) Averell Harriman.

14. What does Halberstam say was decided at the April 20, 1965 meeting in Honolulu?
(a) The military shifted to search-and-destroy missions exclusively.
(b) The military refused to provide reports from field commanders.
(c) The military reduced troop levels.
(d) The military agreed to increased troop usage.

15. Who oversaw domestic operations of the operation code named 34A?
(a) General Harkins.
(b) Maxwell Taylor.
(c) General Westmoreland.
(d) McGeorge Bundy.

Short Answer Questions

1. What event does Halberstam say triggered bombing operations against the North?

2. What did the U.S. embassy offer to Diem and Nhu when the coup began?

3. What does Halberstam say General Westmoreland was projecting after 1965?

4. Who did President Johnson send to Vietnam to investigate the situation there?

5. What did the report that came out of the fact-finding trip to Vietnam in early 1965 ultimately advocate?

(see the answer keys)

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