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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Halberstam say was the beginning of the 'credibility gap'?
(a) When the government's figures were revised to protect Johnson's Great Society program.
(b) When U.S. deaths in Vietnam were withheld.
(c) When the military gave the government falsified reports on progress in Vietnam.
(d) When the media began to exploit photographs to build opposition to the war.

2. How does Halberstam say Kennedy was feeling about the war at the beginning of Chapter 15?
(a) Enthusiastic.
(b) Frustrated.
(c) Optimistic.
(d) Dispirited.

3. What does Halberstam say was the conclusion of the study that analyzed the results of a bombing attack against the north?
(a) The report concluded that bombing would strengthen the North by building opposition to the Americans.
(b) The report concluded that bombing would deter any further guerilla-style attacks against the South.
(c) The report concluded that bombing would overwhelm the people, and drain support for further attacks.
(d) The report concluded that bombing would break the Vietcong's supply routes, and end resistance.

4. What does Halberstam say the military had been telling President Johnson when he sent an investigative team to Vietnam?
(a) They had been telling him that conditions were improving.
(b) They had been telling him to send more troops.
(c) They had been telling him to bomb.
(d) They had been telling him to withdraw.

5. What was Paul Kattenburg's view of the war, in early 1964?
(a) He doubted its correctness.
(b) He described it as a crusade.
(c) He saw it as an experiment in nation-building.
(d) He thought it was a waste of political and economic capital.

6. Whose staff does Halberstam say outlined three responses to the American bombing campaign?
(a) General Westmoreland.
(b) McGeorge Bundy.
(c) Maxwell Taylor.
(d) General Harkin.

7. What event does Halberstam say triggered bombing operations against the North?
(a) The Bay of Pigs invasion.
(b) The Gulf of Tonkin Incident.
(c) A North Vietnamese attack on American B-57 bombers.
(d) A North Vietnamese success in the Mekong Delta.

8. What does Halberstam say General Westmoreland was asking President Johnson for, now that he was in control of Vietnam?
(a) More bombers.
(b) More time.
(c) More combat troops.
(d) More fighter jets.

9. What problem does Halberstam say Maxwell Taylor had in Vietnam?
(a) Taylor could not convince his superiors that conditions were bad.
(b) Taylor could not understand how the Vietcong withstood the bombings.
(c) Taylor could not control things like he had elsewhere.
(d) Taylor could not get honest reporting.

10. Who does Halberstam say was especially vocal in calling for a change in U.S. Vietnam policy?
(a) McGeorge Bundy.
(b) General Westmoreland.
(c) Maxwell Taylor.
(d) Averell Harriman.

11. What does Halberstam say became clear by the time Rolling Thunder had been in effect for six weeks?
(a) That Rolling Thunder was breaking the Vietcong supply routes.
(b) That Rolling Thunder was not breaking the North's resistance.
(c) That it was only a matter of time until Hanoi capitulated.
(d) That Rolling Thunder was not going to make Hanoi capitulate.

12. What did the fact-finding trip to Vietnam in early 1965 coincide with?
(a) Premiere Kosygin's visit to Hanoi.
(b) The creation of Social Security in America.
(c) Civil rights demonstrations in Alabama.
(d) The assassination of Martin Luther King. Jr.

13. What does Halberstam say was the purpose of operation Rolling Thunder?
(a) To force Hanoi to capitulate.
(b) To display American airpower.
(c) To open North Vietnamese markets.
(d) To demonstrate the benefits of democracy.

14. What does Halberstam say was the result of the Gulf of Tonkin incident?
(a) The use of napalm.
(b) A Northern offensive.
(c) Bombing of North Vietnam.
(d) An end of diplomacy.

15. What feeling does Halberstam say Americans were feeling as the war went on and on?
(a) Disgust.
(b) Urgency.
(c) Numbness.
(d) Aggression.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did McNamara's position on bombing change over time?

2. When did McNamara say the U.S. would be out of Vietnam, when he visited the country?

3. What had USAID done in Vietnam at the beginning of Chapter 15?

4. What did Hanoi do in response to U.S. war games in the South?

5. What did Johnson say he needed before they could move against the North?

(see the answer keys)

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