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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did the report that came out of the fact-finding trip to Vietnam in early 1965 ultimately advocate?
(a) Bombing.
(b) Reprisals against the Vietcong.
(c) Troops on the ground.
(d) Diplomatic efforts.

2. How did McNamara's position on bombing change over time?
(a) Years later, he would say that he had doubts about how useful bombing would be.
(b) After a year, he reversed his position entirely.
(c) After the first weeks, he was sure that bombing would end the war.
(d) After a few months, he was convinced of bombing's effectiveness.

3. What position did Maxwell Taylor begin to support as a result of his late 1964 trip to Vietnam?
(a) International sanctions against North Vietnam.
(b) Renewing diplomatic efforts.
(c) A bombing campaign against North Vietnam.
(d) Withdrawing troops from Vietnam.

4. What plan was the U.S. government preparing for by the end of 1964?
(a) Have the South take military action against the North.
(b) Strike directly against China.
(c) Bring in a coalition of forces against the Vietcong.
(d) Have Cambodia and Laos intervene.

5. What plan was the U.S. government following by the end of 1964?
(a) Limit bombing but increase troops on the ground.
(b) Restrict operations to bombing missions.
(c) Expand the pacification program.
(d) Pour as many resources as necessary into Vietnam.

6. What kind of problem does Halberstam say the cost of the war caused for the Johnson administration?
(a) Moral problems.
(b) Disclosure problems.
(c) Budget problems.
(d) Public relations problems.

7. Who opposed the fact-finding trip to Vietnam in early 1965?
(a) The CIA.
(b) The State Department.
(c) The President.
(d) The military.

8. Who does Halberstam say set the tone for Vietnam policy for the beginning of the Johnson administration?
(a) McNamara.
(b) Harriman.
(c) Bundy.
(d) Rusk.

9. What does Halberstam say was the conclusion of the study that analyzed the results of a bombing attack against the north?
(a) The report concluded that bombing would deter any further guerilla-style attacks against the South.
(b) The report concluded that bombing would strengthen the North by building opposition to the Americans.
(c) The report concluded that bombing would overwhelm the people, and drain support for further attacks.
(d) The report concluded that bombing would break the Vietcong's supply routes, and end resistance.

10. When did McNamara say the U.S. would be out of Vietnam, when he visited the country?
(a) By the beginning of 1966.
(b) By the end of 1968.
(c) By 1970.
(d) By the end of 1965.

11. What stance does Halberstam say the administration took as the public sentiment deteriorated?
(a) It became less forthcoming.
(b) It became more defensive.
(c) It became more removed.
(d) It became more repressive.

12. What does Halberstam say the Kennedy administration found out after the coup?
(a) The Buddhists were attracting dissidents in opposition to the government.
(b) The Vietnamese government did not have control of the Delta.
(c) The Vietnamese government did not have its people's support.
(d) The government did not know what was going on in the war.

13. What does Halberstam say happened when control shifted out of Taylor's hands in March and April 1965?
(a) Reports began to reduce estimations of Vietcong troop strength.
(b) Reports began to be closer to actual realities.
(c) Reports began to describe American troops' atrocities.
(d) Reports began to be issued with greater frequency.

14. When did the Spring offensive start in Vietnam?
(a) April 1964.
(b) June 1966.
(c) March 1963.
(d) May 1965.

15. What does Halberstam say the military had been telling President Johnson when he sent an investigative team to Vietnam?
(a) They had been telling him to bomb.
(b) They had been telling him to withdraw.
(c) They had been telling him to send more troops.
(d) They had been telling him that conditions were improving.

Short Answer Questions

1. What evidence does Halberstam say the President was presented with to make the case for bombing?

2. What did Hanoi do in response to U.S. war games in the South?

3. What does Halberstam say was the result of the Gulf of Tonkin incident?

4. How does Halberstam say Johnson conducted planning for the Vietnam war?

5. How does Halberstam say Kennedy was feeling about the war at the beginning of Chapter 15?

(see the answer keys)

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