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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapters 23-24.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why did President Johnson authorize bombing attacks on North Vietnam, in Halberstam's account?
(a) He thought that bombing was a final resort, and after it failed, he could strategically withdraw.
(b) He believed that if Vietnam went Communist, the rest of the region would turn Communist as well.
(c) He thought that breaking Vietcong resistance would create trade opportunities for American companies.
(d) He thought that an overwhelming display of force would convince other nations in the region to accept American influence.

2. When does Halberstam say the President's thinking about bombing began to change?
(a) After the Vietcong attack on Qui Nhon.
(b) After the media began to carry explicit photos from the front.
(c) After the 1964 elections.
(d) After he realized that Khanh was not an effective leader.

3. What did Johnson say he needed before they could move against the North?
(a) A stable government in the South.
(b) Bipartisan support.
(c) Success around Saigon.
(d) Success in the Mekong delta.

4. Whom did Robert Lovett recommend to Kennedy for Secretary of State?
(a) Chester Bowles.
(b) Robert McNamara.
(c) McGeorge Bundy.
(d) Dean Rusk.

5. Who does Halberstam say was especially vocal in calling for a change in U.S. Vietnam policy?
(a) Maxwell Taylor.
(b) General Westmoreland.
(c) McGeorge Bundy.
(d) Averell Harriman.

Short Answer Questions

1. What plan was the U.S. government following by the end of 1964?

2. What does Halberstam say the U.S. government had to rely on once it had advisers in Vietnam?

3. What does Halberstam say marked the end of the generals' faith in Diem?

4. How did Kennedy's followers feel about Chester Bowles' ideas?

5. What did Kennedy represent to Eleanor Roosevelt's followers?

(see the answer key)

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