2. Which of the following is NOT part of mutualism within ant-plant symbiosis?
(a) Microorganisms.
(b) Myrmecophyte.
(c) Fungi.
(d) Ant parasites.

3. How many varieties of ant-plant symbiosis are categorized in this chapter?
(a) 37.
(b) 27.
(c) 17.
(d) 7.

4. What do leafcutter ants primarily feed off?
(a) Fungus.
(b) Plant matter.
(c) Flowers.
(d) Twigs.

5. In what part of the ant's anatomy are the unicellular glands?
(a) The thorax.
(b) The antennae.
(c) The head.
(d) The abdomen.

Short Answer Questions

1. During what season of the year do harvester ants struggle with "triple crunch"?

2. What does the red ant, Proceratium, forage for?

3. How many species of ants were represented in the ant mosaic of Queensland, Australia?

4. During what season of the year are Solenopsis flies absent from most ecosystems?

5. Which of the following ant species is the most specialized granivore?

Short Essay Questions

1. What amusing anecdote does V. Wolfgang von Hagen give about leafcutter ants?

2. What is the first phase of nest building in a weaver ant colony? Why does this phase require teamwork?

3. In his study of army ants published in 1948, what does Schnerila claim happens to the queen as her brood reaches maturity?

4. What are the dangers of using an aspirator when collecting ant samples for study?

5. What interesting collecting method did Harlow Shapely use when preserving ants?

6. How do weaver ants build their nests?

7. How does density specialization affect competition with ant species?

8. Why are Proceratium ants considered the most specialized of all egg predators?

9. What type of ant predator did Levieux discover by digging under the soil on the Ivory Coast in 1983?

10. How do harvester ants affect vegetation in an ecosystem?

(see the answer keys)

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