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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How is dulosis defined?
(a) Slavery.
(b) Foraging.
(c) Brooding.
(d) Reproduction.

2. During what season of the year are Solenopsis flies absent from most ecosystems?
(a) Spring.
(b) Fall.
(c) Winter.
(d) Summer.

3. When Wilson wrote about studying harvester ants and the Old Testament, where was he located?
(a) India.
(b) Syria.
(c) Persia.
(d) Israel.

4. What do leafcutter ants primarily feed off?
(a) Flowers.
(b) Fungus.
(c) Twigs.
(d) Plant matter.

5. Which of the following is another name for fungus growing ants?
(a) Cubiteres.
(b) Attini.
(c) Eciton.
(d) Labidus Praedator.

6. Which of the following chemicals do Wilson and Holldobler use on ant specimens?
(a) Ethelymine.
(b) Ethanol.
(c) Ergonovine.
(d) Ether.

7. During what season of the year do harvester ants struggle with "triple crunch"?
(a) Fall.
(b) Summer.
(c) Winter.
(d) Spring.

8. Which of the following scientists was NOT involved in the study of hierarchical competition?
(a) Yasuno.
(b) Kazcmarek.
(c) Loeschcke.
(d) Marikovsky.

9. In Gray's report regarding worker ants of the Myrmecia variant, how long would the workers crouch close to a branch, mandibles open, waiting to spring at prey?
(a) 5 hours.
(b) 30 minutes.
(c) 3 hours.
(d) 2 hours.

10. How many foraging periods to harvester ants typically participate in each day?
(a) Three.
(b) Two.
(c) One.
(d) Four.

11. How do major workers in a weaver ant nest treat minor workers?
(a) The major workers fear the minor worker.
(b) The major and minor workers are in constant competition.
(c) The major workers ignore the minor workers.
(d) The major and minor workers work communally.

12. Which of the following provides the silk needed to weave the weaver ants' nest together?
(a) Silkworms.
(b) Spiders.
(c) Moths.
(d) Larvae.

13. Which of the following is not a myrmecophile noted in the text?
(a) Beetles.
(b) Wasps.
(c) Flies.
(d) Locusts.

14. What is the most important element in harvester ants' diet?
(a) Fungus.
(b) Honey.
(c) Grain.
(d) Plant matter.

15. Which of the following is NOT a type of symbiosis found in ant species?
(a) Viralbiosis.
(b) Parabiosis.
(c) Xenobiosis.
(d) Dulosis.

Short Answer Questions

1. How many species of ants were represented in the ant mosaic of Queensland, Australia?

2. Which of the following ant species is the most specialized granivore?

3. During what decade did scientists begin to focus on competition within community organization?

4. Where does "the ultimate parasite" Teleutomyrmex schneideri live?

5. In what country did scientists Vepsalainen and Pisarski devise a three-tiered classification for hierarchical competition?

(see the answer keys)

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