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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When did Creighton create his useful review of "Ants North of Mexico"?
(a) 1960.
(b) 1970.
(c) 1980.
(d) 1950.

2. Which of the following elements was brought by ants to the Amazon rainforest?
(a) Sulfur.
(b) Coal dust.
(c) Gold filaments.
(d) Formic acid.

3. What are gamergates?
(a) Fertile female ants.
(b) Female larvae.
(c) All young female ants.
(d) Sterile female ants.

4. Which of the following is NOT a concern for major workers?
(a) Milling.
(b) Trophallaxis.
(c) Self-grooming.
(d) Food storage.

5. Which of the following is NOT a genus of ant that participates in polygyny?
(a) Myrmeciinae.
(b) Ponerianae.
(c) Dolichoderinae.
(d) Fungeralinae.

6. How long do Idaho harvester ants typically live after they begin foraging?
(a) Two weeks.
(b) Two years.
(c) Two months.
(d) Two days.

7. What is the smallest collection of ants that can still be considered a colony?
(a) Five.
(b) 50.
(c) 5000.
(d) 500.

8. What do young, nonreproductive ants do with their eggs?
(a) They abandon them.
(b) They bury them.
(c) Nonreproductive ants do not produce eggs.
(d) They feed them to the queen.

9. How are alien species treated when they enter the nest?
(a) They are ignored.
(b) They are forced out.
(c) They are welcomed.
(d) They are killed.

10. What is the focus of the Ergonomic Stage of an ant colony?
(a) Colony growth.
(b) Colony disbursement.
(c) Colony preservation.
(d) Colony foundation.

11. Which of the following scientists pointed out that colonies of social insects tend to be more harmonious when the members are all closely related?
(a) Bier.
(b) Goetsch.
(c) Sherman.
(d) Hung.

12. How long can Queen Formica ants live underwater if submerged?
(a) Two minutes.
(b) Two weeks.
(c) Two hours.
(d) Two days.

13. What species of ant carries large quantities of freshly cut vegetation into underground nests as deep as six meters?
(a) Cretomyrma.
(b) Solenopsis Invicta.
(c) Acromyrmex.
(d) Pachycondyla.

14. Through what body part do ants emit pheromones?
(a) Eyes.
(b) Antennae.
(c) Exoskeleton.
(d) Glands.

15. What is the colloquial name for the ant species "Paratrechina longicornis"?
(a) Ugly ants.
(b) Timid ants.
(c) Fat ants.
(d) Crazy ants.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is another way of defining pheromonal communication?

2. According to the study completed in 1984, what other function do the odor glands fulfill in ant colonies?

3. What percentage of ant colonies are lost due to ground-feeding birds?

4. How many times their own body weight do Idaho harvester ants retrieve during their lifetime?

5. For which of the following activities is communication most important within an ant colony?

(see the answer keys)

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