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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What part of milling-major heads are adapted for their work?
(a) Their mouths.
(b) Their antennae.
(c) Their ears.
(d) Their eyes.

2. What percentage of herbaceous plant species are distributed by ants in New York?
(a) 50 percent.
(b) 30 percent.
(c) 10 percent.
(d) 70 percent.

3. Which of the following is NOT a phase of colony defense?
(a) Contact.
(b) Recruitment.
(c) Absconding.
(d) Alarm.

4. How many life cycle stages do all ant colonies go through?
(a) Three.
(b) Five.
(c) Four.
(d) Two.

5. Which of the following is NOT a genus of ant that participates in polygyny?
(a) Dolichoderinae.
(b) Ponerianae.
(c) Fungeralinae.
(d) Myrmeciinae.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which of the following is NOT part of an ant's head?

2. How do ants communicate?

3. When did Creighton create his useful review of "Ants North of Mexico"?

4. Which of the following groups within an ant colony produces the strongest identification odor?

5. What percentage of ant colonies are lost due to ground-feeding birds?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are barrack nests?

2. Why does Wilson think vertebrate animals are heavily favored in science books?

3. How do ant colonies treat foreign ants that wander in the nest?

4. What happens during the reproductive stage of an ant colony?

5. What happens during the founding stage of an ant colony?

6. What are some of the ways ant colonies control the numbers of queens present in their colony?

7. Why are extra queens often considered an unnecessary burden within a colony?

8. What malleable criteria were used to decide that ant colonies were units rather than large groups of individuals?

9. What controversy surrounds the ant fossil discovered in the Victoria, Australia by Jell and Duncan in 1986?

10. How does the caste system within a given ant colony change according to the demographic?

(see the answer keys)

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