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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does George Jackson complain about?

2. Which of the following states does Hebdige say "signification expresses ideas" in?

3. With regard to music, Punks prefer which of the following rather than technique?

4. What does Hebdige say handicaps blacks?

5. What does Hebdige say the Reggae subculture is based upon?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Hebdige say subcultures use style?

2. In your opinion, what is the overall message that Hebdige gets across by writing this book?

3. What is Hebdige's thought on Skinheads and how they portray a masculine outlook?

4. In Hebdige's words, what causes George Jackson to think the way he does about black cultures?

5. According to Hebdige, what are the two methods used to understand subcultures?

6. What does Hebdige say the general public's understanding of a subculture leads to?

7. After leaving a subculture, what is the difference between the cultural options for blacks and whites according to Hebdige?

8. In terms of its relation to the subculture, what does Hebdige say happens to the object's meaning once it goes back to the dominant culture?

9. How does Hebdige say Punkers' desire to be different sometimes affects them?

10. What does Hebdige say about the straightforward style?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Of the Rastafarian and Punk subcultures, which one seems to be the most defiant of the dominant culture, in your opinion? Give specific examples from the book that support your point of view.

Essay Topic 2

The author says that black subcultures directly impact white subcultures. If black subcultures never existed, what effect would that have on white subcultures? Would white subcultures exist? How would they be different?

Essay Topic 3

What does the author say about the participants within black subcultures vs. those of white subcultures? Do the subcultures consist primarily of one age group? Why? Is participation in these subcultures likely to change? If so, why? When?

(see the answer keys)

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