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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which three writers does Hebdige compare at the end of the book?

2. Skinheads obtain which of the following, to encourage a reputation of "manliness"?

3. Which of the following is a way of making subcultures understood by the masses?

4. Many times, members of the Punk subculture wear clothing that exude what?

5. With regard to working class aesthetics, which of the following subcultures did the Punks offend?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Hebdige say about the straightforward style?

2. In terms of its relation to the subculture, what does Hebdige say happens to the object's meaning once it goes back to the dominant culture?

3. What does Hebdige say about the existence of subcultures?

4. How does Hebdige feel about the relationship of a common object's intended use and its actual use?

5. What does Hebdige conclude about style and how that may have been the cause of the tension between the 70's Teddy Boys and Punks?

6. How does Hebdige view a style of chaos and flux?

7. How does Hebdige say subcultures use style?

8. Why do many black subcultures consist of more than the youth found in white subcultures?

9. In Hebdige's words, what causes George Jackson to think the way he does about black cultures?

10. According to Hebdige, how do Punkers affect mass media?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

In the end, the author agreed that "Style, as a form of articulation, cannot be understood outside of the context in which it is intended." Do you agree with this analysis? If so, give specific personal reasons and examples from the book that support this. If not, explain why you do not agree as well as your point-of-view on style.

Essay Topic 2

The author says its more important to understand the historical context of a subculture than the "familiar rites of passage associated with the transition from childhood to maturity." Discuss the historical context of the Punk, Reggae, Rastafarian, 1950's Teddy Boys, and 1970's Teddy Boys subcultures. Give specific information noted in the text.

Essay Topic 3

Describe how the London heat wave physically and sociologically affected the people of London. What movement was born from the heat wave? What changes did this movement bring?

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