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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Of the following, who is an imprisoned writer?

2. The Skinheads focus on what as a foundation of their subculture?

3. According to Chapter 8, what do Skinheads use to represent their principle of masculinity?

4. In Chapter 8, What does Hebdige say about subcultures?

5. According to George Jackson, what is true of the Master's tongue?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Hebdige conclude about style and how that may have been the cause of the tension between the 70's Teddy Boys and Punks?

2. Why do many black subcultures consist of more than the youth found in white subcultures?

3. At what point in the book did Hebdige come to his conclusion about style?

4. How does Hebdige view a style of chaos and flux?

5. After leaving a subculture, what is the difference between the cultural options for blacks and whites according to Hebdige?

6. What is Hebdige's thought on Skinheads and how they portray a masculine outlook?

7. In Chapter 7, how does Hebdige define style?

8. What conclusion does Hebdige finally come to about style?

9. In what way does Hebdige describe style as being cyclical?

10. How does Nuttal feel about the rocker jacket?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe how the London heat wave physically and sociologically affected the people of London. What movement was born from the heat wave? What changes did this movement bring?

Essay Topic 2

Give specific examples of how the dominant culture seeks to exert control over subcultures (e.g. style - signs and signifiers).

Essay Topic 3

How does the author describe the media's affect on how the public views the Punk subculture? Give specific examples of ways the media can affect the subculture both positively and negatively.

(see the answer keys)

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