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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does George Jackson complain about?
(a) The general struggle between subcultures and the dominant culture.
(b) The lack of style in the dominant culture.
(c) The notion that blacks are forced to speak using the Master's tongue, and therefore experience the undermining of their plight.
(d) The fact that he is a white man who has not been warmly accepted into black subcultures.

2. What does Hebdige say the Reggae subculture is based upon?
(a) Creative suppression.
(b) Political expression.
(c) Racial oppression.
(d) Sexual aggression.

3. Which of the following states does Hebdige say "signification expresses ideas" in?
(a) Formulated.
(b) Non-fictional.
(c) Unformulated.
(d) Fictional.

4. Of the following, which is defined as a "diverse set of signifiers which are likely to change from moment to moment"?
(a) Subculture style.
(b) Style of chaos and flux.
(c) Backwards style.
(d) Straightforward style.

5. What does Genet say about George Jackson's letters?
(a) They contain a lot of pictures.
(b) They are written with pleasant words.
(c) They are difficult to read.
(d) They are extremely long.

6. In Chapter 7, Hebdige focuses on something and how it affects the definition of a subculture. What is it that he focuses on?
(a) Level of education.
(b) Religious preference.
(c) Style.
(d) Socioeconomical status.

7. Which writer's beliefs about style most closely resembles those of Hebdige?
(a) T.S. Eliot.
(b) Barthes.
(c) Genet.
(d) George Jackson.

8. With regard to viewing style as an art form, who's opinion does Hebdige quote?
(a) Freud.
(b) Marx.
(c) Nuttal.
(d) Churchill.

9. In Chapter 8, What does Hebdige say about subcultures?
(a) They are NOT lawless forms.
(b) They do NOT serve as alternatives to parent cultures.
(c) They are lawless forms.
(d) They are destructive.

10. In Chapter 6, how does Hebdige describe the idea of subcultures?
(a) As a cultural nuisance.
(b) As a cultural necessity.
(c) As cultural noise.
(d) As a cultural no-no.

11. There is the assumption that if one Punk engages in violent behavior, the entire Punk subculture is labeled as a violent group. According to Hebdige, what entity reinforces this assumption?
(a) The mass culture.
(b) Members of other subcultures.
(c) Friends of the members of the subculture.
(d) Media.

12. According to Hebdige, subcultures use orthodox components to create what?
(a) A rebellious nation.
(b) An unconventional world.
(c) A paradigm shift.
(d) An orthodox world.

13. What does Hebdige say style articulates between the dominant culture and subcultures?
(a) Harmony.
(b) The need for subcultures.
(c) Noise.
(d) The need for the dominant culture.

14. Hebdige begins the book by citing the ideas of what author?
(a) T.S. Eliot.
(b) George Jackson.
(c) Barthes.
(d) Genet.

15. In Chapter 9, which of the following does Hebdige use as an example of an object that once again becomes solely associated with the dominant culture?
(a) Shoe.
(b) Radio.
(c) Safety pin.
(d) Blanket.

Short Answer Questions

1. Of the following, which does Hebdige say is true of George Jackson's words?

2. What does Hebdige say could have caused the outbreak of violence between subcultures?

3. Punks are known for embracing which of the following?

4. Of the following, which does Hebdige say is a representation of the mass culture aesthetic?

5. Which objects do Punks use to promote who they are?

(see the answer keys)

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