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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Of the following, who does Hebdige say finds value in everything except for those things "signified by the hollow men of mass culture"?
(a) Barthes.
(b) T.S. Eliot.
(c) Genet.
(d) George Jackson.

2. Hebdige says white participants in subcultures have the opportunity to do what?
(a) Overthrow the mass culture.
(b) Take a marginal role in the dominant culture.
(c) Overthrow all black subcultures.
(d) Take a dominant role in the mass culture.

3. Of the following, who is an imprisoned writer?
(a) Barthes.
(b) Hebdige.
(c) Genet.
(d) George Jackson.

4. Of the following, what specific item does Hebdige say transforms meaning when used by a subculture as opposed to the mass culture?
(a) Bowl.
(b) Motor scooter.
(c) Television set.
(d) Spoon.

5. At the end of the book, who does Hebdige ultimately agree with in terms of style?
(a) George Jackson.
(b) Genet.
(c) Barthes.
(d) T.S. Eliot.

6. When it comes to the objects of style, Hebdige is particularly interested in what?
(a) The idea that only the dominant culture utilizes objects of style.
(b) The variety of shapes and colors of one particular object.
(c) The difference between the reason the object was created and its actual use.
(d) How the objects of style change over time.

7. Of the following, which does Hebdige say is true of George Jackson's words?
(a) They are fixed in space.
(b) They are fixed in meaning.
(c) They are fixed in the dominant culture.
(d) They are fixed in history.

8. Many times, members of the Punk subculture wear clothing that exude what?
(a) Sensitivity to the differences of others.
(b) Offensiveness.
(c) Heavily beaded material.
(d) Brightly-colored images.

9. What is one of the common objects of the dominant culture mentioned that takes on a new meaning when used by a subculture?
(a) Car.
(b) Pair of shoes.
(c) Brush.
(d) Comb.

10. Which of the following is defined as "presenting a single, coherent identity"?
(a) Backwards style.
(b) Straightforward style.
(c) Subculture style.
(d) Style of chaos and flux.

11. What method is used to facilitate the mass society's understanding of subcultures?
(a) There is a formal training about it.
(b) It is "domesticated."
(c) The subculture becomes the dominant culture.
(d) The government enacts laws.

12. According to Hebdige, if a black participant no longer wishes to be associated with a subculture, he/she can then do which of the following?
(a) Overthrow the mass culture.
(b) Take a marginal role in the dominant culture.
(c) Overthrow all white subcultures.
(d) Take a dominant role in the mass culture.

13. Hebdige says it is hard to clearly define the boundaries between what?
(a) Subculture and mass culture.
(b) Reality and assumptions.
(c) Wants and needs.
(d) Production and creative expression.

14. Which of the following states does Hebdige say "signification expresses ideas" in?
(a) Non-fictional.
(b) Formulated.
(c) Unformulated.
(d) Fictional.

15. Of the following, which is defined as a "diverse set of signifiers which are likely to change from moment to moment"?
(a) Backwards style.
(b) Subculture style.
(c) Style of chaos and flux.
(d) Straightforward style.

Short Answer Questions

1. What happens to style when it is no longer associated with a subculture?

2. How does Hebdige define self-conscious expression?

3. What does Genet say about George Jackson's letters?

4. What does Hebdige say handicaps blacks?

5. What does Hebdige say style articulates between the dominant culture and subcultures?

(see the answer keys)

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