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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Hebdige say "incites a cultural fear of further hidden transgressions"?
(a) Poverty styles.
(b) Profanity styles.
(c) Perverse styles.
(d) Playful styles.

2. What does George Jackson complain about?
(a) The general struggle between subcultures and the dominant culture.
(b) The fact that he is a white man who has not been warmly accepted into black subcultures.
(c) The notion that blacks are forced to speak using the Master's tongue, and therefore experience the undermining of their plight.
(d) The lack of style in the dominant culture.

3. The Teddy Boys of 1950's utilize aspects from what era to incorporate into their belief system?
(a) Early America.
(b) The Colonial Period.
(c) Edwardian.
(d) The Vietnam Era.

4. The Skinheads focus on what as a foundation of their subculture?
(a) Feminism.
(b) Love for variety within the world of subcultures.
(c) Religion.
(d) Working class.

5. Many times, members of the Punk subculture wear clothing that exude what?
(a) Brightly-colored images.
(b) Heavily beaded material.
(c) Sensitivity to the differences of others.
(d) Offensiveness.

6. How does George Jackson view the language used by the mass culture?
(a) It might be corrupted.
(b) It is used to turn the participants of the dominant culture against each other.
(c) It is currently in transition.
(d) It is obsolete.

7. Which of the following is a dance style associated with the Punk subculture?
(a) Salsa.
(b) Break dancing.
(c) Waltz.
(d) Pogo.

8. The mass culture is associated with several aesthetics. According to Hebdige, which is an example?
(a) Writings.
(b) Food.
(c) Music.
(d) Attractiveness.

9. Hebdige says that George Jackson's words are fixed in what?
(a) Style.
(b) Time.
(c) Age.
(d) Context.

10. How does Hebdige define self-conscious expression?
(a) A blatant way of rebelling against the dominant culture.
(b) An aesthetic of the mass culture.
(c) A form of style.
(d) An aesthetic of subcultures.

11. Which of the following states does Hebdige say "signification expresses ideas" in?
(a) Non-fictional.
(b) Fictional.
(c) Formulated.
(d) Unformulated.

12. Of the following, who does Hebdige say finds value in everything except for those things "signified by the hollow men of mass culture"?
(a) Genet.
(b) George Jackson.
(c) Barthes.
(d) T.S. Eliot.

13. In terms of language, what does George Jackson say about the dominant culture?
(a) It was formerly known as the Queen's English.
(b) It might be turned against the Enemy.
(c) It is only used in Africa.
(d) It is used to turn the participants within a subculture against each other.

14. Hebdige says supply directly affects which of the following?
(a) Violence.
(b) Norms of the mass culture.
(c) Production.
(d) Cultural change within a society.

15. According to Chapter 8, what do Skinheads use to represent their principle of masculinity?
(a) Guns.
(b) Money.
(c) Boots.
(d) Violence.

Short Answer Questions

1. For its aesthetic qualities, Hebdige says that style might be what?

2. What does Hebdige say about the Punkers' style of dressing?

3. What does Hebdige say is an attribute of style?

4. Which of the following is another word for "science of the concrete"?

5. Which of the following is a way of making subcultures understood by the masses?

(see the answer keys)

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