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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to Chapter 8, what do Skinheads use to represent their principle of masculinity?
(a) Money.
(b) Boots.
(c) Violence.
(d) Guns.

2. Who does Hebdige compare to signified skinheads?
(a) Nebulous punkers.
(b) Rebellious Rastafarians.
(c) Marvelous mods.
(d) Gorgeous glams.

3. Punks are known for embracing which of the following?
(a) Sexual puritanism.
(b) Peace and harmony.
(c) Ganja.
(d) Strong tie to Britain's history.

4. Which of the following states does Hebdige say "signification expresses ideas" in?
(a) Non-fictional.
(b) Unformulated.
(c) Formulated.
(d) Fictional.

5. In which of the following ways, do Punks communicate language?
(a) Plain speech.
(b) Singsong.
(c) Speaking in parables.
(d) Slang.

6. Of the following, who is an imprisoned writer?
(a) Hebdige.
(b) Genet.
(c) Barthes.
(d) George Jackson.

7. Which of the following is associated with Punks?
(a) Beating around the bush.
(b) Surfing.
(c) Sports.
(d) Forthrightness.

8. Which of the following is another word for "science of the concrete"?
(a) Physics.
(b) Expression.
(c) Bricolage.
(d) Norms.

9. Hebdige begins the book by citing the ideas of what author?
(a) Genet.
(b) George Jackson.
(c) T.S. Eliot.
(d) Barthes.

10. What happens to style when it is no longer associated with a subculture?
(a) It becomes commodified.
(b) It becomes codified.
(c) It becomes modified.
(d) It becomes solidified.

11. According to George Jackson, what is true of the Master's tongue?
(a) It might be mastered.
(b) It is only understood by subcultures.
(c) It is fair for all.
(d) It is only understood by the dominant culture.

12. The Skinheads focus on what as a foundation of their subculture?
(a) Love for variety within the world of subcultures.
(b) Religion.
(c) Feminism.
(d) Working class.

13. According to Hebdige, if a black participant no longer wishes to be associated with a subculture, he/she can then do which of the following?
(a) Take a marginal role in the dominant culture.
(b) Overthrow the mass culture.
(c) Overthrow all white subcultures.
(d) Take a dominant role in the mass culture.

14. Hebdige says white participants in subcultures have the opportunity to do what?
(a) Take a dominant role in the mass culture.
(b) Overthrow the mass culture.
(c) Overthrow all black subcultures.
(d) Take a marginal role in the dominant culture.

15. According to Hebdige, subcultures use orthodox components to create what?
(a) An unconventional world.
(b) A paradigm shift.
(c) A rebellious nation.
(d) An orthodox world.

Short Answer Questions

1. In terms of language, what does George Jackson say about the dominant culture?

2. Where does Hebdige say objects begin?

3. What types of clothing do Punkers generally like to wear?

4. In the Punk subculture, when is commodification complete?

5. What is one of the common objects of the dominant culture mentioned that takes on a new meaning when used by a subculture?

(see the answer keys)

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