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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Hebdige say could have caused the outbreak of violence between subcultures?
(a) Symbolism.
(b) Suggestions.
(c) Socialism.
(d) Signification.

2. What does Hebdige say is the next step after a subculture is ready to become a part of the "mass cultural consciousness"?
(a) Combination.
(b) Colonization.
(c) Culturalization.
(d) Commodification.

3. What is a major difference between the participants of black subcultures and white subcultures?
(a) Black subcultures only include poor participants.
(b) White subcultures only include rich participants.
(c) Black subcultures usually include young and old participants.
(d) White subcultures usually include young and old participants.

4. Of the following, which is defined as a "diverse set of signifiers which are likely to change from moment to moment"?
(a) Straightforward style.
(b) Backwards style.
(c) Subculture style.
(d) Style of chaos and flux.

5. Hebdige says it is hard to clearly define the boundaries between what?
(a) Reality and assumptions.
(b) Production and creative expression.
(c) Wants and needs.
(d) Subculture and mass culture.

6. Which objects do Punks use to promote who they are?
(a) Nothing. They are less concerned with objects and more concerned about the controversy they generate.
(b) Music.
(c) Mohawk hairstyle.
(d) Trench coat.

7. What does Hebdige say about Punk's cultural rebellion after commodification takes place?
(a) It is passed on to other subcultures.
(b) It is stable.
(c) It is growing stronger.
(d) It is doomed.

8. What does Hebdige say about the Punkers' style of dressing?
(a) It evokes the feeling of peace.
(b) It is similar to that of the dominant culture.
(c) It is confrontation dressing.
(d) It is different from the mass culture but acceptable by it.

9. With regard to viewing style as an art form, who's opinion does Hebdige quote?
(a) Nuttal.
(b) Churchill.
(c) Freud.
(d) Marx.

10. Of the following, who said, "Style, as a form of articulation, cannot be understood outside of the context in which it is intended"?
(a) Barthes.
(b) Genet.
(c) Karl Marx.
(d) Sigmund Freud.

11. The Teddy Boys of 1950's utilize aspects from what era to incorporate into their belief system?
(a) Early America.
(b) The Colonial Period.
(c) Edwardian.
(d) The Vietnam Era.

12. How does Hebdige define self-conscious expression?
(a) An aesthetic of the mass culture.
(b) An aesthetic of subcultures.
(c) A blatant way of rebelling against the dominant culture.
(d) A form of style.

13. How does George Jackson view the language used by the mass culture?
(a) It is used to turn the participants of the dominant culture against each other.
(b) It is obsolete.
(c) It might be corrupted.
(d) It is currently in transition.

14. According to Chapter 6, subcultures usually involve transgressions of what?
(a) Music or clothing.
(b) Views on education.
(c) Religious or political views.
(d) Language or behavior.

15. What individual does the following quote reflect upon, ". . . lives a life of diversion, subversion and dissent, concerned less with what the signs say than in how their meaning might be changed"?
(a) George Jackson.
(b) T.S. Eliot.
(c) Barthes.
(d) Genet.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which of the following does Hebdige mention as an aesthetic of mass culture?

2. Hebdige says subcultures are designed to address what?

3. Hebdige says the relationship between which of the following is NOT a constant?

4. According to Hebdige, subcultures use orthodox components to create what?

5. Which of the following is defined as "presenting a single, coherent identity"?

(see the answer keys)

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