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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Hebdige describes subcultures as"mediation" between what?

2. The manner in which the Rastafarian parents migrated did which of the following?

3. What music style developed as a result of the black immigration?

4. The Glam subculture addresses what question?

5. Where did the parents of the Rastafarians migrate to?

Short Essay Questions

1. How do the Mods practice the "norms" of the mass culture and traditions of a subculture?

2. According to Hebdige, what affect does the Glam subculture have on someone looking in from the outside?

3. When subcultures began to take shape, what group or groups of people became active participants? Why?

4. What does Hebdige say must be done in order to understand the connection between Punk and Reggae?

5. According to Chapter 3, what is the main difference between the subcultures of Reggae and Rastafarians?

6. How does Hebdige feel about common objects when in the hands of the dominant culture as opposed to being in the hands of a subculture?

7. How do the Rastafarians modify the Christian religion?

8. Even though Punk was founded on some of Reggae's ideas, were the two really similar, according to Hebdige?

9. What physical and social affect did the London heat wave of 1976 have on the people of London according to Hebdige?

10. In the Introduction and Chapter 1, how does Hebdige feel about the way the mass culture defines everyday life?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Explain the philosophy of the 1950's Teddy Boys. How is it different from the 1970's Teddy Boys?

Essay Topic 2

What does the author say about common objects and subcultures vs. the dominant culture? What are common objects? Who decides how they are used? Is there only one use for them? If not, give examples that would support the idea that there are several uses for common objects.

Essay Topic 3

How does the author describe the media's affect on how the public views the Punk subculture? Give specific examples of ways the media can affect the subculture both positively and negatively.

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