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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What part of the black culture do the Hipsters closely associate with?

2. What music style developed as a result of the black immigration?

3. Hebdige says that style is resistance to what?

4. Which of the following musical acts is known for occasionally adopting the Jamaican street style?

5. Beats connect to which of the following aspects of the black culture?

Short Essay Questions

1. How do the Skinheads identify with black subcultures?

2. What are some of the physical ways the Rastafarians embraced their ties to Africa?

3. Does Hebdige agree with the idea that all subcultures are lumped into one "class"?

4. What does Hebdige say was Punk's mission when they formed?

5. How do the Mods practice the "norms" of the mass culture and traditions of a subculture?

6. Why did the parents of the Rastafarians face such harsh discrimination when they came to London?

7. What physical and social affect did the London heat wave of 1976 have on the people of London according to Hebdige?

8. What is the significance of the author's description of post-war Britain?

9. How do the Rastafarians modify the Christian religion?

10. According to Chapter 3, what is the main difference between the subcultures of Reggae and Rastafarians?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

According to Hebdige, how did the black and white communities view the mods? Why did they view the mods in this way? How did the mods view themselves? Why?

Essay Topic 2

Explain the philosophy of the 1950's Teddy Boys. How is it different from the 1970's Teddy Boys?

Essay Topic 3

What does the author say about the participants within black subcultures vs. those of white subcultures? Do the subcultures consist primarily of one age group? Why? Is participation in these subcultures likely to change? If so, why? When?

(see the answer keys)

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