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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. The actions of people are many times persuaded by what?

2. Which of the following was one of the first to embrace the Rastafarian style?

3. Why do the Beats and Hipsters embrace aspects of the black culture?

4. Which of the following does Hebdige say has been neglected?

5. In Chapter 5, Hebdige says mass media defines what?

Short Essay Questions

1. What physical and social affect did the London heat wave of 1976 have on the people of London according to Hebdige?

2. Besides the experience of slavery, what other elements were used to create Reggae?

3. Even though Punk was founded on some of Reggae's ideas, were the two really similar, according to Hebdige?

4. How does Hebdige feel about common objects when in the hands of the dominant culture as opposed to being in the hands of a subculture?

5. Does Hebdige believe the subculture participants' view of its subculture is the only determining factor in how it is viewed by the outside?

6. In Chapter 5, what does Hebdige say is important with regard to why a subculture is formed?

7. Why did the parents of the Rastafarians face such harsh discrimination when they came to London?

8. According to Hebdige, was Punk founded on the influence of other subcultures?

9. In the Introduction and Chapter 1, how does Hebdige feel about the way the mass culture defines everyday life?

10. How does Hebdige say some members of the mass culture view the British youth of the different subcultures?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Does the author say that subcultures are unruly expressions of oneself or serve a more functional purpose? How does his opinion relate to the principles of Punkers vs. Skinheads?

Essay Topic 2

In the end, the author agreed that "Style, as a form of articulation, cannot be understood outside of the context in which it is intended." Do you agree with this analysis? If so, give specific personal reasons and examples from the book that support this. If not, explain why you do not agree as well as your point-of-view on style.

Essay Topic 3

Compare and contrast the "black experience" through the eyes of George Jackson and Genet. What personal factors influence each of their opinions?

(see the answer keys)

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