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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. When referring to the philosophies of others, Hebdige discusses which type of conflict?

2. After the migration of the Rastafarian parents, what musical style did they introduce to the world?

3. According to Chapters 5, what do Punks absolutely NOT want to be associated with?

4. Punk has origins in which of the following?

5. In Chapter 4, what does Hebdige say about black and white subcultures and how they got the ideas for their subcultures?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why did the parents of the Rastafarians face such harsh discrimination when they came to London?

2. According to Chapter 3, what is the main difference between the subcultures of Reggae and Rastafarians?

3. How does Hebdige feel about common objects when in the hands of the dominant culture as opposed to being in the hands of a subculture?

4. How do the Mods practice the "norms" of the mass culture and traditions of a subculture?

5. In Chapter 4, how does Hebdige explain the creation of white subcultures?

6. How do the Rastafarians modify the Christian religion?

7. Even though Punk was founded on some of Reggae's ideas, were the two really similar, according to Hebdige?

8. According to Hebdige, what is a major factor that separates the mass culture from subcultures?

9. Does Hebdige agree with the idea that all subcultures are lumped into one "class"?

10. In the Introduction and Chapter 1, how does Hebdige feel about the way the mass culture defines everyday life?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Of the Rastafarian and Punk subcultures, which one seems to be the most defiant of the dominant culture, in your opinion? Give specific examples from the book that support your point of view.

Essay Topic 2

Describe how the London heat wave physically and sociologically affected the people of London. What movement was born from the heat wave? What changes did this movement bring?

Essay Topic 3

What does the author say about the participants within black subcultures vs. those of white subcultures? Do the subcultures consist primarily of one age group? Why? Is participation in these subcultures likely to change? If so, why? When?

(see the answer keys)

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