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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How does Hebdige define style?

2. According to Hebdige, social forces serve to do what?

3. Which of the following is the name of the song based on the London riots?

4. According to Chapter 4, which of the following accurately describes the values of the Glams?

5. In Chapter 4, how do the Teddy Boys feel about life?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Hebdige say was Punk's mission when they formed?

2. Does Hebdige agree with the idea that all subcultures are lumped into one "class"?

3. Why does Hebdige think the mass culture "mythologizes signification"?

4. Does Hebdige believe the subculture participants' view of its subculture is the only determining factor in how it is viewed by the outside?

5. How does Hebdige say some members of the mass culture view the British youth of the different subcultures?

6. What physical and social affect did the London heat wave of 1976 have on the people of London according to Hebdige?

7. According to Chapter 3, what is the main difference between the subcultures of Reggae and Rastafarians?

8. Why does Hebdige say that Reggae is primarily a black subculture?

9. Besides the experience of slavery, what other elements were used to create Reggae?

10. In the Introduction and Chapter 1, how does Hebdige feel about the way the mass culture defines everyday life?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

In what way did Hebdige say the black and white cultures regard the hipsters? What influenced their opinions of the hipsters? In what way did the hipsters view themselves?

Essay Topic 2

Compare and contrast the "black experience" through the eyes of George Jackson and Genet. What personal factors influence each of their opinions?

Essay Topic 3

What does the author say about the participants within black subcultures vs. those of white subcultures? Do the subcultures consist primarily of one age group? Why? Is participation in these subcultures likely to change? If so, why? When?

(see the answer keys)

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