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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Jamaican slaves combine with the teachings of the Bible to form reggae?

2. Which of the following does Hebdige say has been neglected?

3. The Glam subculture addresses what question?

4. Of the Reggae subculture, Hebdige says it has strong, cultural what?

5. Hebdige says that style is resistance to what?

Short Essay Questions

1. According to Hebdige, what is a major factor that separates the mass culture from subcultures?

2. Why does Hebdige think the mass culture "mythologizes signification"?

3. What physical and social affect did the London heat wave of 1976 have on the people of London according to Hebdige?

4. According to Hebdige, was Punk founded on the influence of other subcultures?

5. Even though Punk was founded on some of Reggae's ideas, were the two really similar, according to Hebdige?

6. How is Punk different from other white subcultures?

7. Does Hebdige believe the subculture participants' view of its subculture is the only determining factor in how it is viewed by the outside?

8. How does Hebdige feel about common objects when in the hands of the dominant culture as opposed to being in the hands of a subculture?

9. What are some of the physical ways the Rastafarians embraced their ties to Africa?

10. What is the history of the blacks from the West Indies compared to the post-war British youth?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Compare and contrast the black and white subcultures listed in the book. Do a general comparison and contrast as well as use specific examples from the subcultures mentioned.

Essay Topic 2

Does the author agree with the notion that "style" is an art within itself or part of a greater system? Explain how he supports his opinion.

Essay Topic 3

When the parents of the Rastafarians who migrated from the West Indies to London did so, they wore brightly-colored clothes to represent their faith in a brighter future for London. This instead caused them to be targets of discrimination. If they had to do it all over again, do you think they should do it the same way? If yes, what would be the benefits of doing it this way? If not, why? What other ways would you suggest they get this point across? How would these ways benefit the people?

(see the answer keys)

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