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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The author argues that the nature of strategy explains which of the following regarding how people change their opinions?
(a) People rapidly change their opinions to suit the situation.
(b) People never truly change their opinions.
(c) People do not like to be convinced by others to change their opinions.
(d) People accept the opinions only of those they trust.

2. What is meant by "flexibility" in strategic terms?
(a) Commanders should be ready for any attack.
(b) Goals should be adjusted to meet current means.
(c) Forces should stay mobile.
(d) Forces should be composed of a wide variety of troop types.

3. About how many soldiers did the Italians lose in their two and a half years of fighting in the First World War?
(a) Five-hundred thousand.
(b) Two-hundred thousand.
(c) One million.
(d) One-hundred thousand.

4. Overall, what is the quality of Hitler's generalship?
(a) He was unskilled with the indirect approach.
(b) He was an excellent general.
(c) He was a decent commander, but always used direct approaches.
(d) He was totally inept.

5. Which of the following was an important use of air-power in World War II?
(a) To transport supplies.
(b) To destroy fleets.
(c) To slow down tanks.
(d) To support land forces.

Short Answer Questions

1. How successful were the Austrians in the First World War?

2. In the First World War, which Mediterranean nation did the allies hope to re-unify?

3. Within the subject of grand strategy, what is one of the benefits of closed mindedness among the populace?

4. Which of the following was a factor in limiting the possibilities for strategy on the eastern front?

5. Which of the following outcomes is NOT specifically mentioned as being important to plan for?

Short Essay Questions

1. What were the strengths and vulnerabilities of the Turks and the Arabs during the First World War?

2. What causes generals to overstep the bounds of "limited aim" warfare?

3. Why was Ludendorff mostly unable to enact indirect strategies throughout the war?

4. Explain the relationships between grand strategy, strategy and tactics.

5. How did Hitler gain the loyalty and trust of his subordinates?

6. What are the important strategic differences between large and small armies.

7. What challenge did Germany face in fighting in Russian territory?

8. Describe some common tactical movements of the armies of World War II.

9. How does policy relate to national object and military aims?

10. What was the problem with Clausewitz's writings, and why did they have a negative impact on the first World War?

(see the answer keys)

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