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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Many developed what false impression of Caesar's strategies?
(a) He was too rash.
(b) He was a pawn of the Egyptians.
(c) He was a coward.
(d) He was ruthless and bloodthirsty.

2. Why did the war chief Vitiges decide not to fight Belisarius in Naples?
(a) He was afraid of Belisarius and his reputation.
(b) He knew the terrain favored the defender too heavily.
(c) He knew Belisarius had superior numbers.
(d) He was already fighting a war in Frankish territories.

3. Mobility favors troops of what type?
(a) Mobility does not favor troops.
(b) Detached "flying columns."
(c) Large armies that have effective supply trains.
(d) Light troops that forage for supplies.

4. In his major engagement with the Scottish, how was Cromwell able to overcome the numerical superiority of the enemy forces?
(a) By cutting off their supplies.
(b) By using a pincer maneuver.
(c) By forcing them to engage in smaller groups.
(d) By wearing them down with artillery fire.

5. According to the indirect approach, military strategy needs to include plans to attack in what manner?
(a) Along lines of natural expectation.
(b) As quickly and often as possible.
(c) Rarely and with great force.
(d) Along lines besides natural lines of expectation.

6. What disadvantage can the use of "picked troops" offset?
(a) Lack of training.
(b) Enemy fortifications.
(c) Inferior numbers.
(d) Rough terrain.

7. After the second war with Persia, Greece secured about how many years of peace and freedom from the Persians?
(a) Two hundred.
(b) Ten.
(c) Seventy.
(d) Five hundred.

8. A "pincer movement" involves what kind of strategic maneuver?
(a) Driving up an enemy's flank.
(b) Widening one's own flank.
(c) Refusing one's own flank.
(d) Turning an enemy's flank.

9. During Caesar's wars, who was fighting for control of Egypt?
(a) Cleopatra and her brother.
(b) Pompey and Anthony.
(c) Cleopatra and Anthony.
(d) Pompey and Brutus.

10. How did Caesar achieve relatively bloodless victories?
(a) By using amphibious assaults.
(b) By avoiding fortified towns.
(c) By attacking supply lines.
(d) By providing better weapons for his troops.

11. When moving to engage the superior Scottish forces, what was the nature of Cromwell's overall strategic maneuver?
(a) Cromwell did not use a strategic maneuver.
(b) A slow inexorable creep that avoided major confrontations.
(c) A lightning offensive that relied on seizing the enemy's supplies.
(d) An indirect sweeping movement made while gathering supplies.

12. According to the author, what were the results of the Hundred Year's War, fought by du Guesclin and others?
(a) The results were mixed.
(b) The results were indecisive.
(c) The results were totally decisive.
(d) It is impossible to comment on the results.

13. Decisive results are almost always the result of what kind of strategy?
(a) The direct method.
(b) Rapid offensives.
(c) The indirect method.
(d) Guerilla warfare.

14. How did most military forces change over the period between 1854 and 1914?
(a) They became smaller.
(b) They became more professional.
(c) They began to incorporate artillery pieces.
(d) They started to center around naval power.

15. According to the author, how did Turenne's military strategy change as the general aged?
(a) His increasingly relied on outdated strategies.
(b) He relied on weak advisors.
(c) His grasp of strategy faded quickly.
(d) His strategy continued to improve.

Short Answer Questions

1. Marlborough was notable for his use of what stratagems?

2. At the time of the Wars of Spanish Succession, what was the state of most European nations?

3. How are the beneficial gains from warfare maintained?

4. What is true regarding decisive victories?

5. Who was Caesar's main opponent throughout most of his campaigns?

(see the answer keys)

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