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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. "Limited aim" strategy generally precludes what type of outcome?
(a) Indecisive results.
(b) Psychological defeat of the enemy.
(c) Decisive results.
(d) Bloodless victories.

2. In what strategic realm did Hitler fail?
(a) Local strategy.
(b) Strategy of tactical movements.
(c) Strategy of diplomatic measures.
(d) Grand strategy.

3. How were Arab nations vulnerable during the First World War?
(a) They had almost no communication or chain of command.
(b) They could not afford much loss of manpower.
(c) They had no real firearms.
(d) Their supplies were extremely limited.

4. Which of the following is true regarding Hitler's preparations and planning?
(a) He never made plans ahead of time.
(b) He never recorded his plans.
(c) He made countless back-up and contingency plans.
(d) He wrote and disclosed his plans far ahead of time.

5. What is a "wedge attack" intended to achieve?
(a) The destruction of a fortified location.
(b) The wholesale destruction of enemy troops.
(c) The diversion of resources away from the real attack.
(d) The separation of enemy forces.

6. In the First World War, which Mediterranean nation did the allies hope to re-unify?
(a) Turkey.
(b) Greece.
(c) Egypt.
(d) Croatia.

7. What tactic, employed by generals as early as Belisarius, was widely used in World War II?
(a) Entrenchment.
(b) Overlapping fields of fire.
(c) Human wave attacks.
(d) Overwatch.

8. What is meant by "strength faces strength"?
(a) Heavy weapons and armor demand equally heavy arms in order to oppose.
(b) An army's front should always face the front of the opposing army.
(c) Armies will generally concentrate forces near each other.
(d) Strong nations only engage other strong nations.

9. What is one of the main advantages of a large army?
(a) It can easily occupy and hold fortified locations.
(b) It can sustain significant loss of life.
(c) It can provide for itself.
(d) It cannot be defeated except by an equally large force.

10. Infiltration tactics are based on what principle?
(a) Attacking along a route that can lead to many possible objectives.
(b) Attacking a single objective behind enemy lines relentlessly.
(c) Stealth and surprise.
(d) Mobility and speed.

11. "Limited aim" wars are most often employed by what types of military forces?
(a) Those without real coordinated leadership.
(b) Modern armies.
(c) Those with inferior numbers.
(d) Forces with no overall grand strategy.

12. Which war did Clausewitz's writings have a major impact on?
(a) World War I.
(b) The Crimean War.
(c) World War II.
(d) The American Civil War.

13. Which important development did Clausewitz overlook in his books?
(a) Rifled weapons.
(b) The machine-gun.
(c) Mechanization.
(d) Secret treaties.

14. What is one of the main advantages of a small army?
(a) It is difficult to completely defeat.
(b) It can move quickly and avoid "the horns of dilemma."
(c) It has very high morale.
(d) It can use diplomacy more easily.

15. Which of the following did Clausewitz see himself as?
(a) A statesman.
(b) A diplomat.
(c) A scientist.
(d) A philosopher.

Short Answer Questions

1. "National object" is best defined as the final goal in what field?

2. Clausewitz himself admitted that his books had what flaw?

3. Hitler missed an excellent opportunity to wipe out the English army in what region?

4. How did Hitler secure the loyalty of the commanders serving under him?

5. According to the author, what type of government is least capable of creating ideal generals?

(see the answer keys)

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