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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In the First World War, what was Italy's diplomatic status?
(a) It was allied with Austria and Hungary.
(b) It remained neutral, but was invaded by both Austria and France.
(c) It was allied with France and England.
(d) It successfully remained neutral throughout the war.

2. Which nation did Russia decide to focus their efforts on first?
(a) Prussia.
(b) Austria.
(c) Romania.
(d) Germany.

3. Overall, what is the quality of Hitler's generalship?
(a) He was unskilled with the indirect approach.
(b) He was an excellent general.
(c) He was totally inept.
(d) He was a decent commander, but always used direct approaches.

4. With regards to bloodless victories and attacks against targets other than human lives, the author states which of the following?
(a) These results can only be obtained through high mobility.
(b) These strategies are equally valid or more valid than direct combat.
(c) These results are impossible to achieve.
(d) Strategy should only include these factors.

5. Turkey's strategies are most similar to those of what military leader?
(a) Clausewitz.
(b) Belisarius.
(c) Hannibal.
(d) Constable du Guesclin.

6. "Limited aim" strategy generally precludes what type of outcome?
(a) Bloodless victories.
(b) Decisive results.
(c) Psychological defeat of the enemy.
(d) Indecisive results.

7. What was Napoleon able to accomplish that Hitler could not?
(a) He ended his war peacefully.
(b) He matched England's naval dominance.
(c) Non-French people were happy to live under his rule.
(d) He conquered Russia.

8. The common and imprecise interpretation of Clausewitz's writings was that victory could achieved by having a majority of which of the following?
(a) Public support.
(b) Railways, factories and major cities.
(c) Soldiers and supplies.
(d) Trained generals.

9. In the author's view, a battle that results in massive casualties and the temporary gain of an objective is best described as which of the following?
(a) An indirect method.
(b) A disaster.
(c) An indecisive result.
(d) A decisive result.

10. Within the subject of grand strategy, what is one of the benefits of closed mindedness among the populace?
(a) They are less susceptible to psychological attacks.
(b) They will serve and die blindly.
(c) They are more productive.
(d) They are more likely to enlist for military service.

11. What is one of the main advantages of a large army?
(a) It can provide for itself.
(b) It can easily occupy and hold fortified locations.
(c) It cannot be defeated except by an equally large force.
(d) It can sustain significant loss of life.

12. In the First World War, which Mediterranean nation did the allies hope to re-unify?
(a) Egypt.
(b) Croatia.
(c) Greece.
(d) Turkey.

13. Hitler missed an excellent opportunity to wipe out the English army in what region?
(a) Bastogne.
(b) Dunkirk.
(c) Brest.
(d) Whitfield.

14. Communications are most critical for forces of what size?
(a) Battalions.
(b) Divisions.
(c) Armies.
(d) Platoons.

15. Who was the main German commander on the eastern front?
(a) Guderian.
(b) Nicholas.
(c) Ludendorff.
(d) Clausewitz.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is a "wedge attack" intended to achieve?

2. How successful were the Austrians in the First World War?

3. How did Hitler's military achievements match up against those of Napoleon's?

4. Late in the war, the primary German leader in the east was allowed to employ the indirect method by using what kind of an attack?

5. Which important development did Clausewitz overlook in his books?

(see the answer keys)

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