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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to the author, what type of government is least capable of creating ideal generals?
(a) Fascism.
(b) Dictatorship.
(c) Democracy.
(d) Communism.

2. Forces are usually drawn into the "horns of a dilemma" in what way?
(a) As a result of hot-headed leadership.
(b) For legitimate strategic reasons.
(c) Through failures of intelligence and planning.
(d) Through insufficient supply-lines.

3. In World War II, what new branch of military technology provided enhanced mobility for soldiers?
(a) Transport ships.
(b) Landing craft.
(c) Mechanization.
(d) Flight.

4. Which of the following was a significant factor in the psychology of generals during World War II?
(a) Their education.
(b) Their national character.
(c) Their extraordinary need for recognition.
(d) Their desire for promotion.

5. Overall, what is the quality of Hitler's generalship?
(a) He was a decent commander, but always used direct approaches.
(b) He was an excellent general.
(c) He was unskilled with the indirect approach.
(d) He was totally inept.

6. Which of the following was a factor in limiting the possibilities for strategy on the eastern front?
(a) Poorly trained generals.
(b) Dependance on railways.
(c) Lack of large artillery.
(d) Insufficient manpower.

7. In what way was Turkey exceptionally vulnerable?
(a) It was vulnerable to amphibious assaults.
(b) It could not sustain any attacks on its supplies or resources.
(c) Along its southern border.
(d) It has no air defenses at all and was vulnerable to bombing.

8. Which important development did Clausewitz overlook in his books?
(a) Secret treaties.
(b) Mechanization.
(c) The machine-gun.
(d) Rifled weapons.

9. About how many Russian soldiers died on the eastern front during the First World War?
(a) One-hundred thousand.
(b) One million.
(c) Two-hundred thousand.
(d) Five-hundred thousand.

10. Which of the following did Clausewitz see himself as?
(a) A scientist.
(b) A statesman.
(c) A diplomat.
(d) A philosopher.

11. In what strategic realm did Hitler fail?
(a) Strategy of tactical movements.
(b) Strategy of diplomatic measures.
(c) Local strategy.
(d) Grand strategy.

12. Which of the following best defines military strategy?
(a) The means by which military forces seek policy objectives.
(b) The combination of military and political means of warfare.
(c) The use of military forces in the field to destroy enemy forces.
(d) All movements and applications of military forces.

13. What was one way that Hitler gained political ascendancy in Germany?
(a) By expelling foreigners.
(b) By exploiting in-fighting.
(c) By cutting down on corruption.
(d) By paying out welfare whenever possible.

14. What is meant by "flexibility" in strategic terms?
(a) Forces should stay mobile.
(b) Forces should be composed of a wide variety of troop types.
(c) Commanders should be ready for any attack.
(d) Goals should be adjusted to meet current means.

15. In the First World War, which Mediterranean nation did the allies hope to re-unify?
(a) Turkey.
(b) Greece.
(c) Egypt.
(d) Croatia.

Short Answer Questions

1. Late in the war, the primary German leader in the east was allowed to employ the indirect method by using what kind of an attack?

2. Germany's expansion forced what undesirable condition on it?

3. How successful were the Turks in repelling allied attacks in their region?

4. Which war did Clausewitz's writings have a major impact on?

5. Which of the following historical commanders did NOT enjoy supreme power in both military and political matters, as did Hitler?

(see the answer keys)

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