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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Lawrence frequently utilized which strategy?
(a) Trapping forces by dependency.
(b) Encirclement.
(c) Infiltration.
(d) Wedge attacks.

2. Which of the following historical commanders did NOT enjoy supreme power in both military and political matters, as did Hitler?
(a) Alexander.
(b) Napoleon.
(c) Caesar.
(d) Hannibal.

3. Within the subject of grand strategy, what is one of the benefits of closed mindedness among the populace?
(a) They are less susceptible to psychological attacks.
(b) They are more productive.
(c) They are more likely to enlist for military service.
(d) They will serve and die blindly.

4. In what way was Turkey exceptionally vulnerable?
(a) It could not sustain any attacks on its supplies or resources.
(b) It was vulnerable to amphibious assaults.
(c) It has no air defenses at all and was vulnerable to bombing.
(d) Along its southern border.

5. About how many soldiers did the Italians lose in their two and a half years of fighting in the First World War?
(a) One million.
(b) Five-hundred thousand.
(c) One-hundred thousand.
(d) Two-hundred thousand.

6. About how many Russian soldiers died on the eastern front during the First World War?
(a) One million.
(b) Five-hundred thousand.
(c) Two-hundred thousand.
(d) One-hundred thousand.

7. How were Arab nations vulnerable during the First World War?
(a) They could not afford much loss of manpower.
(b) They had no real firearms.
(c) They had almost no communication or chain of command.
(d) Their supplies were extremely limited.

8. The author argues that the nature of strategy explains which of the following regarding how people change their opinions?
(a) People never truly change their opinions.
(b) People accept the opinions only of those they trust.
(c) People do not like to be convinced by others to change their opinions.
(d) People rapidly change their opinions to suit the situation.

9. What is meant by "flexibility" in strategic terms?
(a) Forces should stay mobile.
(b) Commanders should be ready for any attack.
(c) Forces should be composed of a wide variety of troop types.
(d) Goals should be adjusted to meet current means.

10. Infiltration tactics are based on what principle?
(a) Attacking along a route that can lead to many possible objectives.
(b) Stealth and surprise.
(c) Attacking a single objective behind enemy lines relentlessly.
(d) Mobility and speed.

11. How successful were the Turks in repelling allied attacks in their region?
(a) They repelled multiple invasions successfully.
(b) Most regions held fast, but a few turned to the allied side.
(c) They failed completely to fend off the allies.
(d) They held out only in a few limited areas.

12. What is the most essential factor in concentrating forces?
(a) Providing ample supplies.
(b) Maintaining the chain of command.
(c) Keeping communications open.
(d) Hiding the concentration from the enemy.

13. "National object" is best defined as the final goal in what field?
(a) Tactics.
(b) Policy.
(c) Strategy.
(d) Grand strategy.

14. During World War II, most maneuvers had the intention of attacking the enemy where?
(a) In their capital cities.
(b) In their rear area.
(c) Along their coastlines.
(d) Along their entire front.

15. What field of military leadership generally applies to forces smaller than armies or fleets?
(a) Strategy.
(b) Diplomacy.
(c) Grand strategy.
(d) Tactics.

Short Answer Questions

1. "Limited aim" strategy generally precludes what type of outcome?

2. Which war did Clausewitz's writings have a major impact on?

3. Forces are usually drawn into the "horns of a dilemma" in what way?

4. Which of the following was a significant factor in the psychology of generals during World War II?

5. Which of the following is true regarding Hitler's preparations and planning?

(see the answer keys)

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