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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How successful were the Turks in repelling allied attacks in their region?
(a) They failed completely to fend off the allies.
(b) They repelled multiple invasions successfully.
(c) They held out only in a few limited areas.
(d) Most regions held fast, but a few turned to the allied side.

2. What was one way that Hitler gained political ascendancy in Germany?
(a) By exploiting in-fighting.
(b) By expelling foreigners.
(c) By paying out welfare whenever possible.
(d) By cutting down on corruption.

3. Hitler missed an excellent opportunity to wipe out the English army in what region?
(a) Bastogne.
(b) Brest.
(c) Whitfield.
(d) Dunkirk.

4. In the First World War, what was Italy's diplomatic status?
(a) It was allied with France and England.
(b) It was allied with Austria and Hungary.
(c) It successfully remained neutral throughout the war.
(d) It remained neutral, but was invaded by both Austria and France.

5. The common and imprecise interpretation of Clausewitz's writings was that victory could achieved by having a majority of which of the following?
(a) Soldiers and supplies.
(b) Trained generals.
(c) Railways, factories and major cities.
(d) Public support.

6. Which of the following was an important use of air-power in World War II?
(a) To transport supplies.
(b) To destroy fleets.
(c) To slow down tanks.
(d) To support land forces.

7. Which war did Clausewitz's writings have a major impact on?
(a) World War I.
(b) World War II.
(c) The Crimean War.
(d) The American Civil War.

8. What is one of the main advantages of a small army?
(a) It has very high morale.
(b) It is difficult to completely defeat.
(c) It can move quickly and avoid "the horns of dilemma."
(d) It can use diplomacy more easily.

9. Turkey's strategies are most similar to those of what military leader?
(a) Belisarius.
(b) Constable du Guesclin.
(c) Hannibal.
(d) Clausewitz.

10. What is the most essential factor in concentrating forces?
(a) Hiding the concentration from the enemy.
(b) Keeping communications open.
(c) Maintaining the chain of command.
(d) Providing ample supplies.

11. Which of the following was a significant factor in the psychology of generals during World War II?
(a) Their education.
(b) Their national character.
(c) Their extraordinary need for recognition.
(d) Their desire for promotion.

12. Infiltration tactics are based on what principle?
(a) Attacking a single objective behind enemy lines relentlessly.
(b) Stealth and surprise.
(c) Attacking along a route that can lead to many possible objectives.
(d) Mobility and speed.

13. Overall, what is the quality of Hitler's generalship?
(a) He was unskilled with the indirect approach.
(b) He was an excellent general.
(c) He was totally inept.
(d) He was a decent commander, but always used direct approaches.

14. Which of the following outcomes is NOT specifically mentioned as being important to plan for?
(a) Unexpected success.
(b) Partial success.
(c) Failure.
(d) Standoff.

15. According to the author, what type of government is least capable of creating ideal generals?
(a) Democracy.
(b) Communism.
(c) Fascism.
(d) Dictatorship.

Short Answer Questions

1. Late in the war, the primary German leader in the east was allowed to employ the indirect method by using what kind of an attack?

2. According to the author, how should formations be arranged?

3. How did Hitler's military achievements match up against those of Napoleon's?

4. How were Arab nations vulnerable during the First World War?

5. Communications are most critical for forces of what size?

(see the answer keys)

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