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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Overall, what is the quality of Hitler's generalship?
(a) He was an excellent general.
(b) He was totally inept.
(c) He was a decent commander, but always used direct approaches.
(d) He was unskilled with the indirect approach.

2. What historical general is cited as basing his conquests on popular support?
(a) William of Normany.
(b) Hannibal.
(c) Belisarius.
(d) Caesar.

3. Which of the following historical commanders did NOT enjoy supreme power in both military and political matters, as did Hitler?
(a) Caesar.
(b) Napoleon.
(c) Hannibal.
(d) Alexander.

4. In what strategic realm did Hitler fail?
(a) Grand strategy.
(b) Local strategy.
(c) Strategy of tactical movements.
(d) Strategy of diplomatic measures.

5. About how many Russian soldiers died on the eastern front during the First World War?
(a) One-hundred thousand.
(b) Five-hundred thousand.
(c) Two-hundred thousand.
(d) One million.

6. Which war did Clausewitz's writings have a major impact on?
(a) The American Civil War.
(b) World War I.
(c) The Crimean War.
(d) World War II.

7. During World War II, most maneuvers had the intention of attacking the enemy where?
(a) Along their coastlines.
(b) In their rear area.
(c) In their capital cities.
(d) Along their entire front.

8. "Limited aim" strategy generally precludes what type of outcome?
(a) Psychological defeat of the enemy.
(b) Indecisive results.
(c) Bloodless victories.
(d) Decisive results.

9. What bias are generals likely to carry during war councils?
(a) They trust their own superiors rather than the high command.
(b) They favor the armies and fronts under their command.
(c) They are usually concerned about their careers more than victory.
(d) They do not want to use thier own forces in an offensive.

10. What field of military leadership generally applies to forces smaller than armies or fleets?
(a) Tactics.
(b) Strategy.
(c) Grand strategy.
(d) Diplomacy.

11. What was Napoleon able to accomplish that Hitler could not?
(a) He matched England's naval dominance.
(b) He ended his war peacefully.
(c) Non-French people were happy to live under his rule.
(d) He conquered Russia.

12. In what way was Turkey exceptionally vulnerable?
(a) It was vulnerable to amphibious assaults.
(b) Along its southern border.
(c) It has no air defenses at all and was vulnerable to bombing.
(d) It could not sustain any attacks on its supplies or resources.

13. How successful were the Austrians in the First World War?
(a) They gained much new territory.
(b) They lost significant territory.
(c) They did not gain or lose any land.
(d) The reconquered previously lost lands.

14. How were Arab nations vulnerable during the First World War?
(a) They had no real firearms.
(b) They had almost no communication or chain of command.
(c) Their supplies were extremely limited.
(d) They could not afford much loss of manpower.

15. What is meant by "strength faces strength"?
(a) Heavy weapons and armor demand equally heavy arms in order to oppose.
(b) An army's front should always face the front of the opposing army.
(c) Armies will generally concentrate forces near each other.
(d) Strong nations only engage other strong nations.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is meant by "flexibility" in strategic terms?

2. In World War II, what new branch of military technology provided enhanced mobility for soldiers?

3. According to the author, what type of government is least capable of creating ideal generals?

4. How did Hitler secure the loyalty of the commanders serving under him?

5. Late in the war, the primary German leader in the east was allowed to employ the indirect method by using what kind of an attack?

(see the answer keys)

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