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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What disadvantage can the use of "picked troops" offset?
(a) Enemy fortifications.
(b) Rough terrain.
(c) Lack of training.
(d) Inferior numbers.

2. Who was Caesar's main opponent throughout most of his campaigns?
(a) Hannibal.
(b) The Spartans.
(c) Cleopatra.
(d) Pompey.

3. Which of the following is a major risk in using a standing army with very long individual terms of service?
(a) Budget concerns.
(b) Complacency.
(c) Teamwork.
(d) Entitlement.

4. What distinction does the author make during the discussion of the wars fought by Hannibal, Scipio and Caesar?
(a) Strategy vs tactics.
(b) Free vs conscripted armies.
(c) Direct vs indirect approaches.
(d) Decisive vs indecisive results.

5. During Constable du Geusclin's time, the English had what major technological advantage?
(a) The trebuchet.
(b) The longbow.
(c) Greek fire.
(d) Ocean-going ships.

Short Answer Questions

1. How does the author characterize the France that develops under Napoleon?

2. How were the Greeks able to fend off the Persian's first war against them?

3. Which of the following is a common method for generals employing the indirect approach?

4. When moving to engage the superior Scottish forces, what was the nature of Cromwell's overall strategic maneuver?

5. According to the author, what nation first employed military strategy in Europe?

Short Essay Questions

1. Explain the author's opinion on Sun Tzu's quotation about deception in warfare.

2. Explain Napoleon's famous quotation regarding moral and physical conditions.

3. What are some of the factors that caused the Germans to retreat and eventually surrender?

4. How did Cromwell overcome his enemy's numeric superiority?

5. What was the overall strategy of Fabius in his war against Hannibal?

6. What were the results of the Hundred Year's War between England and France?

7. Explain the concept of the "center" of a country's military power. What is the importance of "dislocating" this center?

8. What is the relationship between grand strategy and long-lasting gains?

9. What were European nations like during the era of the Wars of Spanish Succession?

10. Why is the indirect method favorable over direct methods?

(see the answer keys)

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