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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The author explains that it is essential to do what to the enemy's center?
(a) Avoid it.
(b) Dislocate it.
(c) Destroy it.
(d) Locate it.

2. Why did many European principalities fail to become strong, united nations?
(a) Individual princes were unwilling to give up their power.
(b) There was insufficient technology to support a large state.
(c) The philosophy and religion of the time discouraged it.
(d) Constant bickering drove them apart.

3. After the second war with Persia, Greece secured about how many years of peace and freedom from the Persians?
(a) Five hundred.
(b) Seventy.
(c) Ten.
(d) Two hundred.

4. What was Belisarius's first major reconquest?
(a) Rome.
(b) Spain.
(c) Egypt.
(d) Persia.

5. What is true regarding decisive victories?
(a) They can be rapid, or can take decades or longer to achieve.
(b) They always occur suddenly and often unexpectedly.
(c) They are independant of any gains made.
(d) They can only be won by indirect methods.

Short Answer Questions

1. During William of Normandy's time, what was the state of military strategy?

2. Which of the following best embodies how a war might be ended using the indirect method?

3. Some of Fabius' tactics could be compared to what kind of modern warfare?

4. How are the beneficial gains from warfare maintained?

5. According to the author, when did the first use of military strategy in Europe occur?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is a "natural line of expectation"?

2. Why has the indirect method failed to become a widely-used strategy?

3. What was the overall state of military strategy in William of Normandy's time?

4. What characterized the battles of William of Normandy?

5. What developments in the period between 1854 and 1914 made it more difficult to employ indirect methods?

6. What was Marlborough's style of generalship and why was he not able to fully employ it?

7. What was the Persian strategy in their first attack against Athens?

8. How did the large size of the Persian army in the second Greek and Persian war cause problems for the Persians?

9. Why were decisive results difficult to achieve during the British Civil Wars?

10. What was Belisarius's general strategy?

(see the answer keys)

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