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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why, according to the author, were Caesar's strategies insufficient?
(a) He failed to attack the enemy leaders.
(b) He failed to follow up on advantageous situations.
(c) His men were not inspired by his leadership.
(d) He absolutely refused to lay siege in any circumstance.

2. What is true regarding decisive victories?
(a) They can be rapid, or can take decades or longer to achieve.
(b) They can only be won by indirect methods.
(c) They are independant of any gains made.
(d) They always occur suddenly and often unexpectedly.

3. According to the indirect method, which of the following routes should be taken in order to engage the enemy?
(a) A circuitous route that provides an advantage in terrain or position.
(b) The route that confuses the enemy most.
(c) The fastest possible route.
(d) A direct route that is difficult to disrupt.

4. According to the author, it is critically important to do what to every soldier in a military force?
(a) Psychologically condition them.
(b) Equip and protect them.
(c) Maintain their individuality.
(d) Train them to be leaders.

5. Why did Caesar prefer to win battles and campaigns with as little bloodshed as possible?
(a) He wanted to preserve his own troops at all costs.
(b) He was orderly and disliked "messy" battles.
(c) He wanted to avoid unneccesary killing for religious reasons.
(d) He wanted to turn defeated opponents into followers.

Short Answer Questions

1. Like Caesar, Belisarius was able to achieve victory in what way?

2. How were the Greeks able to fend off the Persian's first war against them?

3. What critical factor does naval power in the Mediterranean influence, especially in the case of the Greeks?

4. During their first war with Greece, the Persians experienced a revolt in which region?

5. How does the author define "Grand Strategy"?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was Marlborough's style of generalship and why was he not able to fully employ it?

2. What is a "natural line of expectation"?

3. Why is the indirect method favorable over direct methods?

4. What was Belisarius's general strategy?

5. Explain Napoleon's famous quotation regarding moral and physical conditions.

6. How did Constable du Geusclin overcome English technological superiority?

7. Describe some of Napoleon's strategies and innovations.

8. Describe the changes that took place in France that led to Napoleon becoming ruler of that nation.

9. Why were decisive results difficult to achieve during the British Civil Wars?

10. Explain the concept of the "center" of a country's military power. What is the importance of "dislocating" this center?

(see the answer keys)

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