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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Mobility favors troops of what type?
(a) Light troops that forage for supplies.
(b) Large armies that have effective supply trains.
(c) Mobility does not favor troops.
(d) Detached "flying columns."

2. What do skilled leaders almost always do when they are at a disadvantage?
(a) Gather intelligence.
(b) Select "picked troops."
(c) Avoid confrontation.
(d) Arrange for reinforcements.

3. Why did the Eastern Roman Empire lose territory to the Turks in 1068?
(a) A weak politician was placed in charge of the army.
(b) The terrain clearly favored the Turks.
(c) The Turks had vastly superior numbers.
(d) The newly-elected general was too hot-headed.

4. After the second war with Persia, Greece secured about how many years of peace and freedom from the Persians?
(a) Two hundred.
(b) Seventy.
(c) Ten.
(d) Five hundred.

5. How did most military forces change over the period between 1854 and 1914?
(a) They started to center around naval power.
(b) They began to incorporate artillery pieces.
(c) They became more professional.
(d) They became smaller.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who led the second Persian invasion of Greece?

2. What two major elements of martial skill were combined successfully in Europe in the medieval era?

3. Belisarius's legacy caused the Byzantines to adopt what military strategy for centuries?

4. How does the author define "Grand Strategy"?

5. During the British Civil Wars, what were the prospects for sweeping victories and conquests?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did Cromwell overcome his enemy's numeric superiority?

2. Describe some of Belisarius's conquests.

3. What were European nations like during the era of the Wars of Spanish Succession?

4. What developments in the period between 1854 and 1914 made it more difficult to employ indirect methods?

5. Why are decisive results important in warfare?

6. How did the large size of the Persian army in the second Greek and Persian war cause problems for the Persians?

7. What was the overall state of military strategy in William of Normandy's time?

8. What are some of the factors that caused the Germans to retreat and eventually surrender?

9. What was the Persian strategy in their first attack against Athens?

10. What was Belisarius's general strategy?

(see the answer keys)

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