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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What kind of position has Turgenev's legacy occupied in Russian society?
(a) Turgenev was turned into a martyr by the left.
(b) Turgenev has been turned into a populist hero.
(c) Turgenev has been attacked by all sides of the political spectrum.
(d) Turgenev has become a model gentleman farmer.

2. How did Herzen apply the philosophy of the philosopher whose work he followed?
(a) Herzen concluded that no one grand theory could solve society's problems.
(b) Herzen wasted his time on drinking and gambling as a rebellion against a rational society.
(c) Herzen applied theories methodically and pragmatically to social problems.
(d) Herzen found beauty in nature, and tried to escape from a corrupt society.

3. How widely was Belinsky read?
(a) Belinsky was only known in small circles of Petersburg intelligentsia.
(b) Belinsky was only known in small circles of Moscow intelligentsia.
(c) Belinsky was known primarily in Europe.
(d) Belinsky was read even in the Russian provinces.

4. Who advocated Russian Populism?
(a) A widespread group of radicals.
(b) The Petersburg Literary Coterie.
(c) The Second of April Committee.
(d) The Moscow Reform Party.

5. Whom did Belinsky identify as the father of Russian literature?
(a) Lermontov.
(b) Turgenev.
(c) Dostoevsky.
(d) Pushkin.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did Tolstoy get along with the literary salons?

2. Who converted Belinsky to the idealism of Fichte and Schelling?

3. What has the consensus been about Leo Tolstoy?

4. When did Turgenev die?

5. When did Tolstoy's reputation change?

Short Essay Questions

1. What signs indicate the importance of Belinsky in Russian culture?

2. How did Hegel's ideas influence Herzen?

3. Why was Chernychevsky wary of the state?

4. Who was Nikolay Chernychevsky and what was his role in Russian culture?

5. What Western thinkers influenced Populism?

6. What belief did Tolstoy share with Rousseau?

7. Where did Alexander Herzen come from?

8. According to Berlin, why was Turgenev attacked from both left and right?

9. What course of action did Tolstoy advocate for intellectuals?

10. What was the critical consensus on Tolstoy, and how does Berlin revise it?

(see the answer keys)

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