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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How were Tolstoy's early stories received?
(a) They made him an instant celebrity.
(b) They were not noticed until after his death.
(c) They were banned.
(d) They earned him a reputation as a promising writer.

2. How was Herzen seen by the revolutionaries of the 1860s and 1870s?
(a) Herzen was portrayed as a father of Russian literature.
(b) Herzen was seen as a decadent aesthete.
(c) Herzen was seen as an inspiring revolutionary.
(d) Herzen was dismissed as a salon-talker.

3. What term did Turgenev use to describe the protagonist of his novel Rudin?
(a) An everyman.
(b) A hero.
(c) An ubermensch.
(d) A superfluous man.

4. Who was the thinker Tolstoy agreed with most?
(a) Pestalozzi.
(b) Marcus Aurelius.
(c) Mazzini.
(d) Rousseau.

5. Who were Herzen's parents?
(a) Herzen's father was a gentleman; his mother was his mistress.
(b) Herzen's father was a musician; his mother was an actress.
(c) Herzen's father was a painter; his mother was a writer.
(d) Herzen's father was a journalist; his mother was a homemaker.

Short Answer Questions

1. What native influence affected the Russian Populists?

2. Which character was based on Belinsky?

3. What group was Herzen part of in university?

4. Who advocated Russian Populism?

5. Whose philosophy did Herzen follow?

Short Essay Questions

1. How was Turgenev's work viewed at the end of his life?

2. What was Herzen's relationship with his friends?

3. What belief did Tolstoy share with Rousseau?

4. What signs indicate the importance of Belinsky in Russian culture?

5. How did Tolstoy's theories and values appear in his novels?

6. What was Tolstoy's social life like after graduating from university?

7. What did Russian populists experience when they went to the communes in 1874?

8. What was the stance of the "new men" toward Turgenev?

9. According to Berlin, why was Turgenev attacked from both left and right?

10. Why was Chernychevsky wary of the state?

(see the answer keys)

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