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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did Herzen apply the philosophy of the philosopher whose work he followed?
(a) Herzen applied theories methodically and pragmatically to social problems.
(b) Herzen wasted his time on drinking and gambling as a rebellion against a rational society.
(c) Herzen concluded that no one grand theory could solve society's problems.
(d) Herzen found beauty in nature, and tried to escape from a corrupt society.

2. What did Herzen believe was the "goal" of life?
(a) Social justice.
(b) Life itself.
(c) Art.
(d) Political equality for everyone.

3. Where did Belinsky receive encouragement?
(a) An older writer.
(b) A lover.
(c) A liberal professor.
(d) A German doctor.

4. Where did Tolstoy go to university?
(a) The University of Kazan.
(b) The University of Berlin.
(c) The University of Moscow.
(d) The University of Petersburg.

5. Whose failures did the leader of the Populists reject?
(a) Bakunin's.
(b) Gogol's.
(c) Herzen's.
(d) Dostoevsky's.

Short Answer Questions

1. What Populist warning did Lenin's reign fulfill?

2. How widely was Belinsky read?

3. What was the intellectual's role in the Populists' view?

4. What problem obsessed Turgenev during his life?

5. Which character was based on Belinsky?

Short Essay Questions

1. What Western thinkers influenced Populism?

2. Where did Alexander Herzen come from?

3. What was Tolstoy's education like?

4. How was Turgenev's work viewed at the end of his life?

5. What was Herzen's early activist career like?

6. What was the stance of the "new men" toward Turgenev?

7. Why did Turgenev and Botkin despise Chernychevsky?

8. Describe Russian populism as a movement.

9. How did Belinsky see literature's use?

10. According to Berlin, why was Turgenev attacked from both left and right?

(see the answer keys)

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