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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does the Russian word "obshcnina" mean?
(a) Russian territories.
(b) Peasant communes.
(c) Inherited customs.
(d) Aristocratic privileges.

2. What Populist warning did Lenin's reign fulfill?
(a) Lenin's reign fulfilled the Populist prophecy that a revolution of the elite would result in a dictatorship of that elite.
(b) Lenin's reign fulfilled the Populist prophecy that a popular movement would kneel before a charismatic dictator.
(c) Lenin's reign fulfilled the Populist prophecy that the people would prosper under autocratic rule.
(d) Lenin's reign fulfilled the Populist prophecy that the people would not be happy under any leader who led more than one collective.

3. What view of Turgenev does Berlin say is misleading?
(a) The idea of Turgenev as an aristocrat in peasant's clothing.
(b) The idea of Turgenev as a revolutionary under cover of a writer.
(c) The idea of Turgenev as a literary writer drawn reluctantly into politics.
(d) The idea of Turgenev as a prophet of the Russian Revolution.

4. How did the Populists differ from Marxists?
(a) They did not believe that history had an inevitable direction.
(b) They did not have any nostalgia for a pre-industrial past.
(c) They did not believe in class warfare through violence.
(d) They did not fear the power of the bourgeoisie.

5. What did Turgenev try to do with the novel he published five years after Fathers and Children?
(a) Turgenev tried to portray Russian society without a political slant.
(b) Turgenev tried to win the favor of progressives.
(c) Turgenev tried to criticize the aristocracy unreservedly.
(d) Turgenev tried to redeem himself of charges of obscenity.

Short Answer Questions

1. What program did Tolstoy advocate?

2. How did the government react to Turgenev's death?

3. How was Fathers and Children received in Russia?

4. Whose writings were populists influenced by?

5. Who were Herzen's parents?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was the critical consensus on Tolstoy, and how does Berlin revise it?

2. What was Herzen's relationship with his friends?

3. Where did Alexander Herzen come from?

4. How are Herzen and Turgenev similar? How are they different?

5. What signs indicate the importance of Belinsky in Russian culture?

6. What was Tolstoy's social life like after graduating from university?

7. How did Tolstoy's theories and values appear in his novels?

8. What was Herzen's early activist career like?

9. What qualities did the characters based on Belinsky have?

10. Why was Chernychevsky wary of the state?

(see the answer keys)

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