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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What movement was responsible for bringing politics into literature in mid-nineteenth-century Russian literature?
(a) Land reform.
(b) Urbanization.
(c) Industrialization.
(d) Romantic philosophy.

2. How did the writer who supported the Tsar present the Tsar's acts?
(a) He presented even serfdom as divinely ordained.
(b) He denounced the Tsar's opponents.
(c) He justified the aristocracy's use of violence.
(d) He proclaimed the natural rights of man.

3. How does Berlin describe Bakunin's personality?
(a) As magnetic.
(b) As polarizing.
(c) As luminous.
(d) As shy and shrinking.

4. What student of Stankevich's lectured on Western medieval history in Moscow?
(a) Herzen.
(b) Granovsky.
(c) Bakunin.
(d) Turgenev.

5. What was Bakunin's relationship with Herzen?
(a) Herzen was the better intellectual.
(b) Bakunin was inspired by Herzen's experience.
(c) Herzen was susceptible to Bakunin's improvident optimism.
(d) Bakunin learned his theories under Herzen's tutelage.

6. What does Berlin mean when he says that Tolstoy was a fox who believed in being a hedgehog?
(a) He subscribed to an abstract vision of life, but tried to present life in detail.
(b) He presented life in detail, but developed an overarching moral vision.
(c) He presented life in detail, with each detail providing evidence of an overarching universal plan.
(d) He described the moral plan of the universe in symbolic language.

7. Whom did Bakunin inspire during his travels?
(a) Italian laborers.
(b) The French bourgeoisie.
(c) Swiss watchmakers.
(d) German revolutionaries.

8. Which figure was prominent in the founding of the Russian Intelligentsia?
(a) Alexander Pushkin.
(b) Leo Tolstoy.
(c) Fyodor Dostoevsky.
(d) Ivan Turgenev.

9. How do Tolstoy and de Maistre's views differ?
(a) Tolstoy was a humanist.
(b) de Maistre was a Catholic reactionary.
(c) de Maistre was a conspirator against the Tsar.
(d) Tolstoy was an aristocrat.

10. What policy of Peter the Great's had spawned the intelligentsia?
(a) Peter the Great sent the sons of aristocrats to Europe for education.
(b) Peter the Great invested heavily in bringing European intellectuals to Russia.
(c) Peter the Great instituted land reforms and made education more affordable to Russian peasants.
(d) Peter the Great acted as a patron of the arts and initiated a Renaissance in Russian arts and letters.

11. How does Berlin describe Herzen's legacy?
(a) He sees Herzen as a momentary celebrity.
(b) He sees Herzen as a founder of Russian literature.
(c) He sees Herzen as overvalued.
(d) He sees Herzen as underestimated.

12. How does Berlin describe conservative Romantics?
(a) Conservative Romantics believed that mechanical reforms would not work without a deep understanding of the Russian soul
(b) Conservative Romantics believed that progress was a trap, and that the only way out would be to develop Russian nationalism.
(c) Conservative Romantics believed that intellectuals could thrive without changing the aristocratic government.
(d) Conservative Romantics believed that the best progress was a return to traditional Russian values.

13. What does Berlin say is underestimated in Tolstoy's legacy?
(a) His moral vision.
(b) His detailed descriptions.
(c) His acute social commentary.
(d) His philosophy of history.

14. What social movement did the Russian Intelligentsia contribute to?
(a) A new round of social reforms.
(b) Slavophilia.
(c) Jingoism.
(d) The Russian Revolution.

15. According to Berlin, what did Tolstoy have the greatest faith in?
(a) History.
(b) Individual experience.
(c) Divine causes.
(d) Nations.

Short Answer Questions

1. When did the Decembrist rebellion take place?

2. Where did de Maistre express his views?

3. What had been the outcome of the European states' revolution?

4. Whose novels did the Russian Intelligentsia influence?

5. What was the dominant philosophical movement of the second quarter of the nineteenth century in Russia?

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