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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What, according to Berlin, did Tolstoy see as futile?
(a) Transcendent experience.
(b) Fulfilling individual experience.
(c) Searching for grand designs in events.
(d) Sharing experience between two people.

2. What effect did German Romanticism have on Russian students?
(a) It demanded a commitment to social and national causes.
(b) It made them resentful of the social distinctions they inherited with their culture.
(c) It made them dissolute and morally bankrupt.
(d) It made them hungry for violent rebellion and abrupt social change.

3. How does Berlin describe Bakunin?
(a) As a shy aesthete.
(b) As a highly original thinker.
(c) As a magnetic popularizer of other people's theories.
(d) As a revolutionary filled with promise of his convictions.

4. What limitations did Tolstoy see as hindering human beings, according to Berlin?
(a) They cannot know all the influences that affect a moment.
(b) They cannot know the divine mind.
(c) They can never see life through each other's eyes.
(d) They remain divine creatures, even though they live earthly experiences.

5. Whose writing was Russia "intellectually dependent" upon?
(a) Flaubert and Rousseau.
(b) Plato and Plotinus.
(c) Hume and Locke.
(d) Fichte and Schelling.

6. What as Alexander Herzen's employment?
(a) He was an education minister.
(b) He was a famous playwright.
(c) He was a censor in the government.
(d) He was an effective publicist.

7. Whose novels did the Russian Intelligentsia influence?
(a) Pushkin.
(b) Goncharov.
(c) Herzen.
(d) Turgenev.

8. How does Berlin describe Herzen's legacy?
(a) He sees Herzen as a momentary celebrity.
(b) He sees Herzen as overvalued.
(c) He sees Herzen as underestimated.
(d) He sees Herzen as a founder of Russian literature.

9. How did the writer who supported the Tsar present the Tsar's acts?
(a) He justified the aristocracy's use of violence.
(b) He presented even serfdom as divinely ordained.
(c) He proclaimed the natural rights of man.
(d) He denounced the Tsar's opponents.

10. What was Tolstoy's relationship with Joseph de Maistre?
(a) They shared similar views.
(b) Tolstoy was de Maistre's father-in-law.
(c) They were co-conspirators.
(d) de Maistre censored Tolstoy.

11. Who was Joseph de Maistre?
(a) A conspirator against the Tsar.
(b) A bureaucrat on the censorship committee.
(c) A poor writer.
(d) An educated courtier.

12. What idea captured the imagination of the Russian intelligentsia?
(a) The pragmatic notion that industrial development requires the scientific application of social theories.
(b) The idea of racial purity and positive eugenics.
(c) The jingoistic notion that the soul of a people is visible in its arts and industry.
(d) The Romantic notion that each human society has an organic unity.

13. Who was exiled to Siberia because of the trial of a group of conspirators?
(a) Nikolai Gogol.
(b) Fyodor Dostoevsky.
(c) Leo Tolstoy.
(d) Alexander Pushkin.

14. Where did de Maistre express his views?
(a) In the Tsar's court.
(b) In the church.
(c) In books and letters.
(d) In the streets of Moscow.

15. In what point do Annenkov and Herzen agree about Russian Intelligentsia?
(a) They were both drawn to the romantic prospects of the movement.
(b) They were both disillusioned by the moral bankruptcy of the intelligentsia.
(c) They both experienced a profound camaraderie with the intelligentsia.
(d) They were both repelled by the shallow optimism and naivete of the intelligentsia.

Short Answer Questions

1. What conspiracy against the Tsar did the censorship program discover?

2. How did Herzen see history?

3. How did the epoch that followed the Tsar's acts in the wake of the Decembrist Rebellions end?

4. How did Herzen see human society?

5. What student of Stankevich's lectured on Western medieval history in Moscow?

(see the answer keys)

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