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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who advocated Russian Populism?
(a) The Moscow Reform Party.
(b) The Petersburg Literary Coterie.
(c) The Second of April Committee.
(d) A widespread group of radicals.

2. What were the Russian Populists opposed to?
(a) Radical and revolutionary organizations that wanted to bring about change through violence.
(b) The Europeanization of Russian culture.
(c) Individualism on one hand and authoritarian centralism traditions on the other.
(d) The inherited privilege of the Russian aristocracy.

3. When did Tolstoy's reputation change?
(a) In the early 1860s.
(b) In the mid-1870s.
(c) In the early 1890s.
(d) In the late 1880s.

4. Whose philosophy did Herzen follow?
(a) Plato's.
(b) Marx'.
(c) Rousseau's.
(d) Hegel's.

5. How were Tolstoy's early stories received?
(a) They made him an instant celebrity.
(b) They were not noticed until after his death.
(c) They were banned.
(d) They earned him a reputation as a promising writer.

6. What native influence affected the Russian Populists?
(a) Serfdom.
(b) Russian agricultural practices.
(c) The gloom of Russian philosophy.
(d) Russian Orthodox traditions.

7. When did Vissarion Belinsky die?
(a) 1850.
(b) 1856.
(c) 1848.
(d) 1862.

8. How did Herzen manifest the values he shared with his circle?
(a) Herzen moved to Europe to write.
(b) Herzen drank and gambled, and dabbled in tales that described his exploits.
(c) Herzen wrote anti-Tsarist propaganda.
(d) Herzen founded a revolutionary syndicate.

9. What did Belinsky find in literature?
(a) Evidence of a national race-life.
(b) Spiritual and emotional "ideas."
(c) Vicarious experiences.
(d) Evidence of European superiority.

10. What was Herzen anxious to avoid becoming?
(a) A husband.
(b) A bureaucrat.
(c) An over-educated dilettante.
(d) A political prisoner.

11. What did Turgenev try to do with the novel he published five years after Fathers and Children?
(a) Turgenev tried to win the favor of progressives.
(b) Turgenev tried to portray Russian society without a political slant.
(c) Turgenev tried to redeem himself of charges of obscenity.
(d) Turgenev tried to criticize the aristocracy unreservedly.

12. Whom did Belinsky identify as the father of Russian literature?
(a) Pushkin.
(b) Turgenev.
(c) Lermontov.
(d) Dostoevsky.

13. What quality redeemed the characters based on Belinsky?
(a) Self-defeating clumsiness.
(b) World-weariness.
(c) Intense moral convictions.
(d) Simple kindness.

14. Whose writings were populists influenced by?
(a) Dostoevsky.
(b) Belinsky.
(c) Gogol.
(d) Herzen.

15. What Keats-like gift did Turgenev have?
(a) Turgenev had a gift for short evocative verse.
(b) Turgenev had a gift for "negative capability."
(c) Turgenev had a gift for making himself popular with peasants.
(d) Turgenev had a gift for writing in Italian.

Short Answer Questions

1. Where did Tolstoy go to university?

2. What theme does Turgenev's novel Fathers and Children deal with?

3. Who converted Belinsky to the idealism of Fichte and Schelling?

4. What did Herzen believe was the "goal" of life?

5. What Populist warning did Lenin's reign fulfill?

(see the answer keys)

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