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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did the writer who supported the Tsar present the Tsar's acts?
(a) He justified the aristocracy's use of violence.
(b) He presented even serfdom as divinely ordained.
(c) He proclaimed the natural rights of man.
(d) He denounced the Tsar's opponents.

2. Whose work did Bakunin expound paragraph by paragraph?
(a) Schelling's.
(b) Dostoevsky's.
(c) Herzen's.
(d) Hegel's.

3. How does Berlin describe conservative Romantics?
(a) Conservative Romantics believed that the best progress was a return to traditional Russian values.
(b) Conservative Romantics believed that intellectuals could thrive without changing the aristocratic government.
(c) Conservative Romantics believed that progress was a trap, and that the only way out would be to develop Russian nationalism.
(d) Conservative Romantics believed that mechanical reforms would not work without a deep understanding of the Russian soul

4. Who was the Tsar following the Decembrist rebellion?
(a) Nicholas I.
(b) Charles.
(c) Herzen.
(d) Nicholas II.

5. What dictum of Schelling's represented the Russian literary scene in the nineteenth century?
(a) Idealism lives in literature but grows old and dies in prison.
(b) The arts are the last thing to change in a culture.
(c) Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
(d) Writers capture the times better than sociologists do.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was the name of the committee in charge of government censorship?

2. How did Herzen see history?

3. What was Hegel's appeal to Russian students?

4. What writer supported the Tsar's acts?

5. Whose writing was Russia "intellectually dependent" upon?

Short Essay Questions

1. Name some of the thinkers who influenced Herzen's thinking.

2. Which Russian intellectuals did Pavel Annenkov describe in his memoirs?

3. Why, according to Berlin, did Tolstoy resist subscribing to a totalizing theory of history?

4. What did Nicholas Stankevich find attractive in Hegel's theories?

5. What saying of Schelling's represents the relationship of artists to their times in Russian ideology of the mid-nineteenth century?

6. What conspiracy group did the Second of April Committee unveil, and what was the result of the trial?

7. What was Russia's cultural situation in the 1830s and 40s?

8. How did Tsar Nicholas respond to the European revolutions of 1848?

9. What did "intelligentsia" mean in Russia, where the term was coined?

10. Describe the main ideas of Hegel's that influenced Herzen.

(see the answer keys)

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