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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What student of Stankevich's lectured on Western medieval history in Moscow?
(a) Bakunin.
(b) Turgenev.
(c) Herzen.
(d) Granovsky.

2. What events proved the limitation Tolstoy described?
(a) The development of Christianity.
(b) The industrial development of Russia.
(c) The Napoleonic battles.
(d) The Tsar's reforms.

3. What did Herzen see as the individual's role in history?
(a) Herzen saw as the individual's role in history as an obligation to manifest the universe's latent desires.
(b) Herzen saw as the individual's role in history as an obligation to fulfill his own nature.
(c) Herzen saw as the individual's role in history as an obligation to heal society from the damages done by progress.
(d) Herzen saw as the individual's role in history as an obligation to understand and cooperate with historical forces.

4. How does Berlin describe Bakunin's personality?
(a) As magnetic.
(b) As luminous.
(c) As shy and shrinking.
(d) As polarizing.

5. What does Berlin say Tolstoy felt guilty about?
(a) Not having an overarching vision.
(b) Having too much wealth as a landowner.
(c) Being too separate from the lives of the peasants.
(d) Having too much insight as an artist.

Short Answer Questions

1. How was the period that followed the Tsar's acts known?

2. How does Berlin describe Herzen's importance?

3. How does Berlin describe Herzen's prose style?

4. What value did Herzen and Bakunin share?

5. What was Tolstoy's relationship with Joseph de Maistre?

Short Essay Questions

1. Which Russian intellectuals did Pavel Annenkov describe in his memoirs?

2. What do foxes and hedgehogs represent in Archilochus' adage, and how does Berlin apply the distinction to Russian thinkers?

3. Name some of the thinkers who influenced Herzen's thinking.

4. What was Leo Tolstoy's as a thinker, and how does Berlin see him?

5. What saying of Schelling's represents the relationship of artists to their times in Russian ideology of the mid-nineteenth century?

6. What did Nicholas Stankevich find attractive in Hegel's theories?

7. What was the heart of the Romantic notion that held the Russian intelligentsia in Germany's influence?

8. Describe the main ideas of Hegel's that influenced Herzen.

9. What problems did Herzen have with Hegelian philosophy?

10. Who was Joseph de Maistre and what ideas did Tolstoy share with him?

(see the answer keys)

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