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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who was Mikhail Bakunin's mentor?
(a) Fyodor Dostoevsky.
(b) Nicholas Stankevich.
(c) Vissarion Belinksy.
(d) Pavel Annenkov.

2. What does Berlin say was the "French" attitude toward the arts?
(a) Moral faults in the artist do not affect the artwork.
(b) Artists are only legitimate if they are bohemian: sloppy and irresponsible.
(c) Artists are the saviors and redeemers of culture.
(d) Artists are prophets whose lives are instructive to the masses.

3. When did the Decembrist rebellion take place?
(a) 1809.
(b) 1848.
(c) 1817
(d) 1825.

4. What were de Maistre's views?
(a) He advanced Enlightenment notions of progress.
(b) He developed Enlightenment notions of progress.
(c) He satirized Enlightenment notions of progress.
(d) He attacked Enlightenment notions of progress.

5. What, according to Berlin, did Tolstoy see as futile?
(a) Fulfilling individual experience.
(b) Transcendent experience.
(c) Sharing experience between two people.
(d) Searching for grand designs in events.

Short Answer Questions

1. What mistake did Tsar Nicholas I make about European universities?

2. How did the epoch that followed the Tsar's acts in the wake of the Decembrist Rebellions end?

3. Who said, "the fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing"?

4. What was the relationship between literature and politics in mid-nineteenth century Russia?

5. What value came first for Herzen?

Short Essay Questions

1. What example does Tolstoy use to explain why human beings cannot know all the actions and causes that affect their experiences?

2. What did Russian students learn in German universities?

3. What was the heart of the Romantic notion that held the Russian intelligentsia in Germany's influence?

4. How did Tsar Nicholas respond to the European revolutions of 1848?

5. Describe the difference between Herzen and Bakunin's personalities.

6. Describe the main ideas of Hegel's that influenced Herzen.

7. What influence did censors have on Russian intellectuals and literature?

8. How did Bakunin react to Hegel's philosophy?

9. How did Bakunin differ from Stankevich in his application of Hegelian ideas?

10. Who was Joseph de Maistre and what ideas did Tolstoy share with him?

(see the answer keys)

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