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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What policy of Peter the Great's had spawned the intelligentsia?
(a) Peter the Great invested heavily in bringing European intellectuals to Russia.
(b) Peter the Great instituted land reforms and made education more affordable to Russian peasants.
(c) Peter the Great sent the sons of aristocrats to Europe for education.
(d) Peter the Great acted as a patron of the arts and initiated a Renaissance in Russian arts and letters.

2. What was de Maistre's position?
(a) He was a landowner in Tolstoy's district.
(b) He was an attache to the Tsar.
(c) He was an envoy of the kingdom of Savoy to Russia.
(d) He was the minister in charge of culture in Moscow.

3. How does Berlin describe Herzen's prose style?
(a) Elaborate.
(b) Leaden.
(c) Dazzling.
(d) Meticulous.

4. What as Alexander Herzen's employment?
(a) He was an education minister.
(b) He was an effective publicist.
(c) He was a censor in the government.
(d) He was a famous playwright.

5. What was Turgenev's "negative Hegelianism?"
(a) Turgenev rejected a world soul, but embraced the critique of materialism.
(b) Turgenev saw Hegel's world spirit in the failure of reform movements in Russia.
(c) Turgenev saw evolution as an inverse fulfillment of the Hegelian world-spirit.
(d) Turgenev rejected materialism as the basis for political developments.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did Herzen and Bakunin express the value they shared?

2. How did censorship system work?

3. What is the stereotype of the Russian intellectual?

4. Whose novels did the Russian Intelligentsia influence?

5. How does Berlin characterize Bakunin's ideas?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Russian students learn in German universities?

2. What was Russia's cultural situation in the 1830s and 40s?

3. In what ways does Berlin see Tolstoy's experience as representative of Russian culture?

4. Whose writings had Russian intellectuals and writers primarily been influenced by?

5. What did "intelligentsia" mean in Russia, where the term was coined?

6. Name some of the thinkers who influenced Herzen's thinking.

7. What were the three accomplishments of the intellectuals who rose to prominence in the 1830s and 40s?

8. Describe the main ideas of Hegel's that influenced Herzen.

9. What was Herzen's reaction to Hegelian ideology?

10. How did Bakunin react to Hegel's philosophy?

(see the answer keys)

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