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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How does Berlin describe Herzen's importance?
(a) Berlin describes him as censor who had a powerful effect on Russian literature.
(b) Berlin describes him as a moral thinker of the first importance.
(c) Berlin describes him as a theorist whose ideas were popular for a short time.
(d) Berlin describes him as writer of no lasting importance.

2. What insight did Herzen value in the thinkers who influenced him?
(a) He liked the idea of a spiritual core to human society.
(b) He liked the idea of a total divinity that determined every detail of the universe.
(c) He liked the concept of a clocklike divinity and an ordered universe.
(d) He liked the notion of a godless world motivated by individual actions.

3. How did Herzen and Bakunin express the value they shared?
(a) In censoring anti-religious writing.
(b) In their writing and activism.
(c) In proselytizing for the church.
(d) In conspiring against the government.

4. In what point do Annenkov and Herzen agree about Russian Intelligentsia?
(a) They both experienced a profound camaraderie with the intelligentsia.
(b) They were both drawn to the romantic prospects of the movement.
(c) They were both disillusioned by the moral bankruptcy of the intelligentsia.
(d) They were both repelled by the shallow optimism and naivete of the intelligentsia.

5. What was Hegel's appeal to Russian students?
(a) His quasi-religious philosophy gave atheistic students something they could believe in.
(b) His idealism seemed like an escape from the squalor of Russia.
(c) His theory of history seemed to predict Russian nationalism.
(d) His world spirit seemed to prophesy the Russian Revolution.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was Bakunin's relationship with Herzen?

2. What was the name of the committee in charge of government censorship?

3. What did the Russian Intelligentsia invent?

4. Which of the following describes Russian censorship during the middle of the nineteenth century?

5. What movement was responsible for bringing politics into literature in mid-nineteenth-century Russian literature?

Short Essay Questions

1. Where in Europe were there revolutions in 1848?

2. What did Russian students learn in German universities?

3. What was Leo Tolstoy's as a thinker, and how does Berlin see him?

4. How did the revolutions of 1848 affect western European intellectuals and Russians differently?

5. What conspiracy group did the Second of April Committee unveil, and what was the result of the trial?

6. Describe the difference between progressive and reactionary Romanticism.

7. What saying of Schelling's represents the relationship of artists to their times in Russian ideology of the mid-nineteenth century?

8. What was Annenkov's role in the circle of Russian Intelligentsia?

9. How did Bakunin react to Hegel's philosophy?

10. What was Russia's cultural situation in the 1830s and 40s?

(see the answer keys)

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