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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. When did Cicero do his writing, according to the introduction?

2. In what period did Cicero gain great fame?

3. What are neutral things considered to be, according to Cicero?

4. What are external goods always at risk of, according to Cicero?

5. What is essential between two nations, according to Cicero in "On Duties"?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the importance of stability in external goods, according to "Discussions at Tusculum"?

2. Of those listed in the introduction, what were some of the opinions the various author's had of Cicero?

3. How was Cicero received by the public?

4. What was Cicero's opinion of Caesar?

5. Describe what Cicero insinuated about Caesar, in "On Duties".

6. How did Cicero popularize many ideas and with whom?

7. How did Cicero contradict the entire first chapter "Discussions at Tusculum"?

8. How do wise rulers win their subjects, according to Cicero?

9. Describe what the series of arguments in "On Duties" discusses.

10. What does Discussions at Tusculum discuss?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Compare and contrast the ending opinions and arguments of Crassus and Antonius in On the Orator. Explain why Crassus is disappointed with Antonius' thinking.

Essay Topic 2

Analyze and discuss the scene where Scipio sees the cosmic universe in The Dream of Scipio. Explain what symbolism Scipio's focus of earth suggests about human connection and spirituality.

Essay Topic 3

Analyze and discuss Cicero's beliefs on human rights. Explain what he felt existed in all people that made them equal.

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