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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. In "Discussions at Tusculum," what do the Stoics argue is necessary to be happy?

2. How does the book of "On Duties" begin?

3. According to "On Duties," how do people find theft by the state?

4. Why is statesmanship destroyed, according to "On Duties"?

5. What are external goods always at risk of, according to Cicero?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was Cicero's opinion of Caesar?

2. Of those listed in the introduction, what were some of the opinions the various author's had of Cicero?

3. What does Discussions at Tusculum discuss?

4. What did the Epicureans believe happiness was?

5. How do wise rulers win their subjects, according to Cicero?

6. What is the importance of stability in external goods, according to "Discussions at Tusculum"?

7. Tell why Cicero didn't identify with one type of philosophical school.

8. What are 'preferables,' 'unpreferables,' and 'indifferents' according to the Stoics?

9. How did Cicero define the 'recipe' to obtain a stable regime in "On Duties"?

10. What did the Stoics believe made a happy life and did their belief mean?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Explain Cicero's philosophy in comparison to the Greek's philosophy. Discuss how they are similar and how they differ.

Essay Topic 2

Analyze and discuss Cicero's beliefs on human rights. Explain what he felt existed in all people that made them equal.

Essay Topic 3

Explain why and how Cicero refutes the Epicurean's philosophy on what makes a happy and good life. Discuss what validates the Epicurean's ideology for reaching happiness.

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