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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What are the series of arguments about in "On Duties"?

2. What does Cicero question about virtues in "Discussions at Tusculum"?

3. What did Cicero believe the result would be if happiness was only achieved by certain goods?

4. What does Cicero emphasize in the third and fourth principles in "On Duties"?

5. Which of the following are not needed to obtain moral goodness, according to Cicero in "On Duties"?

Short Essay Questions

1. What were Cicero's attitudes about human rights?

2. What did the Stoics believe made a happy life and did their belief mean?

3. What did the Greeks believe made a happy life?

4. Describe what Cicero said about justice and intelligence, in "On Duties."

5. How did Cicero feel about statesmanship?

6. Describe what the series of arguments in "On Duties" discusses.

7. What will breed resentment among a ruler's subjects?

8. How did Cicero popularize many ideas and with whom?

9. Describe Cicero's philosophy.

10. Describe why Cicero worried about the Roman republic.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Explain why Laelius places such great importance on having friends to live a decent life in Laelius: On Friendship. Discuss who Laelius believes friendship can only exist between and why.

Essay Topic 2

Analyze and discuss how the role of Africanus in Chapter 3: Laelius: On Friendship and Chapter 5: The Dream of Scipio are both similar and yet different. Discuss how the role of Africanus is different from the other characters in each chapter of "On The Good Life."

Essay Topic 3

Compare and contrast the ending opinions and arguments of Crassus and Antonius in On the Orator. Explain why Crassus is disappointed with Antonius' thinking.

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