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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who is the discussion between, in "Discussions at Tusculum"?

2. According to the introduction, what did Cicero take refuge in after a divorce, fights with friends, and his daughter's death?

3. What dictatorships does Cicero oppose in "On Duties"?

4. According to the introduction, what is Cicero NOT?

5. What are external 'bads' considered to be, according to Cicero?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are the intellectual goods that bring happiness, according to "Discussions at Tusculum"?

2. Describe Cicero's philosophy.

3. What are 'preferables,' 'unpreferables,' and 'indifferents' according to the Stoics?

4. What is the setting of "Discussions at Tusculum"?

5. When did Cicero write most of his works?

6. What is the importance of stability in external goods, according to "Discussions at Tusculum"?

7. Describe why Cicero worried about the Roman republic.

8. What was Cicero's opinion of Caesar?

9. What did the Epicureans believe happiness was?

10. What did Cicero's work return to in "On Duties" and why?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss what qualities Cicero outlines a good and effective ruler needs to have. Explain how Cicero's outline is a direct response to the condition of the governmental rule of the time in which Cicero writes.

Essay Topic 2

Analyze and explain which of Cicero's works in "On The Good Life" are a response to Caesar and his rule. Discuss how Cicero feels about Caesar's dictatorial role.

Essay Topic 3

Explain why and how Cicero refutes the Epicurean's philosophy on what makes a happy and good life. Discuss what validates the Epicurean's ideology for reaching happiness.

(see the answer keys)

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