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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Where is the setting of "Discussions at Tusculum"?
(a) Cicero's apartment.
(b) Cicero's country villa.
(c) Cicero's friends house.
(d) By a river.

2. What does Cicero address in his work, "On Duties"?
(a) Political life.
(b) Friendship.
(c) Grief.
(d) Happiness.

3. What does happiness necessarily require, according to Cicero?
(a) Smiles.
(b) Singing.
(c) Tranquility.
(d) Laughter.

4. According to Cicero, what can one NOT be without being intelligent?
(a) Just.
(b) Brave.
(c) Honest.
(d) Good.

5. What does Cicero emphasize in the third and fourth principles in "On Duties"?
(a) Expediency and rightness are connected.
(b) Dictators need a balance in their ruling.
(c) Love does not always prevail.
(d) Taxes are inevitable.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to the introduction, how did Pope Gregory I respond to Cicero's work?

2. According to Cicero, how was the Stoics view counter-intuitive?

3. What are the third and fourth principles concerned with, in "On Duties"?

4. According to Cicero, what will breed resentment in a ruler's subjects?

5. According to the Stoics, what was the faculty that was unique to humans?

Short Essay Questions

1. Tell why Cicero didn't identify with one type of philosophical school.

2. What did Cicero's work return to in "On Duties" and why?

3. What will breed resentment among a ruler's subjects?

4. What style did Cicero write in and why?

5. What did the Stoics believe made a happy life and did their belief mean?

6. How did Cicero define the 'recipe' to obtain a stable regime in "On Duties"?

7. What were Cicero's attitudes about human rights?

8. How was Cicero received by the public?

9. Describe what the series of arguments in "On Duties" discusses.

10. What did the Epicureans believe happiness was?

(see the answer keys)

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