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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to the introduction, what type of writing style did Cicero sometimes write in?
(a) Essay.
(b) Dialogue.
(c) Journal.
(d) Poetic.

2. What did Cicero believe was the most divine thing in humans?
(a) Rational.
(b) Love.
(c) Reason.
(d) Compassion.

3. In "On Duties," which book is only reproduced in this particular selection of readings?
(a) Book I.
(b) Book III.
(c) Book IV.
(d) Book II.

4. What does Cicero address in his work, "On Duties"?
(a) Grief.
(b) Happiness.
(c) Friendship.
(d) Political life.

5. What does Cicero emphasize in the third and fourth principles in "On Duties"?
(a) Love does not always prevail.
(b) Dictators need a balance in their ruling.
(c) Taxes are inevitable.
(d) Expediency and rightness are connected.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Cicero, how does he view tyrannies?

2. According to "Discussions at Tusculum," why are evil people always miserable?

3. What was the result of Cicero's desire to capture others thought in his writing's?

4. Which medieval thinker admired Cicero, according to Grant?

5. Who favored Cicero?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe what Cicero insinuated about Caesar, in "On Duties".

2. What are 'preferables,' 'unpreferables,' and 'indifferents' according to the Stoics?

3. What type of system of government did Cicero prefer in "On Duties"?

4. What will breed resentment among a ruler's subjects?

5. How did Cicero define the 'recipe' to obtain a stable regime in "On Duties"?

6. What is the importance of stability in external goods, according to "Discussions at Tusculum"?

7. What did the Stoics believe made a happy life and did their belief mean?

8. How did Cicero popularize many ideas and with whom?

9. How do wise rulers win their subjects, according to Cicero?

10. Describe what Cicero said about justice and intelligence, in "On Duties."

(see the answer keys)

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