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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to the introduction, what did Cicero take refuge in after a divorce, fights with friends, and his daughter's death?
(a) Reading.
(b) Meditation.
(c) Writing.
(d) Observing nature.

2. Why is statesmanship destroyed, according to "On Duties"?
(a) Caesar eliminates its possibility to continue.
(b) It isn't destroyed.
(c) Because the opportunities of statesmanship are destroyed.
(d) Because no one desires it anymore.

3. What are external goods merely considered to be by Cicero?
(a) Indifferents.
(b) Unpreferables.
(c) Preferables.
(d) Necessary to happiness.

4. What is "Discussions at Tusculum" about?
(a) What makes a man happy.
(b) What makes a life full of quality.
(c) What makes a good life happy.
(d) What happiness is.

5. According to "Discussions at Tusculum," why are evil people always miserable?
(a) They are not morally good.
(b) They do not have good lives.
(c) They are selfish.
(d) They do not have friends.

Short Answer Questions

1. How does the book of "On Duties" begin?

2. According to the introduction, how did Pope Gregory I respond to Cicero's work?

3. What does Cicero emphasize in the third and fourth principles in "On Duties"?

4. What must the ruler maintain, according to Cicero?

5. What group believed happiness is the enjoyment of pleasure and the avoidance of pain?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe why Cicero worried about the Roman republic.

2. What did the Stoics believe made a happy life and did their belief mean?

3. What three things did Cicero argue moral goodness is comprised of?

4. What does Discussions at Tusculum discuss?

5. Describe how Cicero perceived philosophy.

6. How was Cicero received by the public?

7. How did Cicero contradict the entire first chapter "Discussions at Tusculum"?

8. When did Cicero write most of his works?

9. Describe what Cicero insinuated about Caesar, in "On Duties".

10. What did Cicero's work return to in "On Duties" and why?

(see the answer keys)

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