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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to the introduction, what was Cicero considered to be?
(a) A philospher.
(b) An individualist who believed in human rights.
(c) A saint.
(d) A radical.

2. Who does Cicero compare Dionysius to?
(a) Plato and Archimedes.
(b) Petrach and Archimedes.
(c) Dante and Plato.
(d) Plato and Plutarch.

3. What are external 'bads' considered to be, according to Cicero?
(a) Necessary to happiness.
(b) Preferables.
(c) Unpreferables.
(d) Indifferents.

4. In "On Duties," how many feelings does Cicero say a good ruler should inspire in his subjects?
(a) 5.
(b) 1.
(c) 2.
(d) 3.

5. According to the introduction, what protestant thinkers was Cicero popular among?
(a) Melancthon.
(b) Luther.
(c) Luther and Melancthon.
(d) Pope Gregory.

Short Answer Questions

1. What type of governmental system does Cicero prefer?

2. What did Cicero believe strongly about the virtues of philosophy?

3. What does Cicero question about virtues in "Discussions at Tusculum"?

4. Who was Cicero worried about, according to the introduction?

5. When did Cicero's reputation decline, according to the introduction?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did the Epicureans believe happiness was?

2. How did Cicero define the 'recipe' to obtain a stable regime in "On Duties"?

3. When did Cicero write most of his works?

4. What is the setting of "Discussions at Tusculum"?

5. Describe why Cicero worried about the Roman republic.

6. What are the intellectual goods that bring happiness, according to "Discussions at Tusculum"?

7. How did Cicero feel about statesmanship?

8. What type of system of government did Cicero prefer in "On Duties"?

9. What did Cicero's work return to in "On Duties" and why?

10. Describe what the series of arguments in "On Duties" discusses.

(see the answer keys)

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