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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What were the followers of Aristotle called?
(a) Aristotle's followers.
(b) Peripatetics.
(c) Aristocracy's.
(d) Aristotlians.

2. What are neutral things considered to be, according to Cicero?
(a) Indifferents.
(b) Unpreferables.
(c) Necessary to happiness.
(d) Preferables.

3. In "On Duties," how will rulers win goodwill?
(a) With wealth.
(b) With power and compassion.
(c) With truthfulness.
(d) With self restraint and self denial.

4. What did an ancient ethical view believe was necessary for happiness?
(a) Stability.
(b) Friends.
(c) Being positive.
(d) Being true to oneself.

5. In "On Duties," what will wise rulers win from their subjects?
(a) Respect.
(b) Love.
(c) Fear.
(d) Affection.

Short Answer Questions

1. What are the third and fourth principles concerned with, in "On Duties"?

2. According to Cicero, how was the Stoics view counter-intuitive?

3. What did Cicero resist being identified with, according to Grant?

4. Who favored Cicero?

5. How does Cicero perceive philosophy under tyranny rule?

Short Essay Questions

1. How do wise rulers win their subjects, according to Cicero?

2. Tell why Cicero didn't identify with one type of philosophical school.

3. How did Cicero define the 'recipe' to obtain a stable regime in "On Duties"?

4. Describe what Cicero insinuated about Caesar, in "On Duties".

5. Describe what the series of arguments in "On Duties" discusses.

6. What did the Stoics believe made a happy life and did their belief mean?

7. What does Discussions at Tusculum discuss?

8. What was Cicero's opinion of Caesar?

9. What did the Epicureans believe happiness was?

10. What were Cicero's attitudes about human rights?

(see the answer keys)

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