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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who is the discussion between, in "Discussions at Tusculum"?
(a) Cicero and Dante.
(b) Cicero and his dad.
(c) Cicero and Caesar.
(d) Cicero and a friend.

2. According to Cicero, what can one NOT be without being intelligent?
(a) Brave.
(b) Good.
(c) Just.
(d) Honest.

3. According to the introduction, what did Cicero take refuge in after a divorce, fights with friends, and his daughter's death?
(a) Writing.
(b) Reading.
(c) Meditation.
(d) Observing nature.

4. How does the book of "On Duties" begin?
(a) With a summary of facts.
(b) With a quote.
(c) With the argument that being morally good provides knowledge to our duties.
(d) With a description of its setting.

5. What does much of Cicero's writing contain, according to Grant?
(a) Prayers.
(b) Greek philosophy.
(c) Challenges to the public.
(d) Roman philosphy.

Short Answer Questions

1. How many miles was the setting of "Discussions at Tusculum" from Cicero's home?

2. What prevented a person from being happy, according to Cicero?

3. What did Stoics still think was preferable even if it did not add to happiness?

4. When did Cicero do his writing, according to the introduction?

5. In "Discussions at Tusculum," what do the Stoics argue is necessary to be happy?

Short Essay Questions

1. What three things did Cicero argue moral goodness is comprised of?

2. When did Cicero write most of his works?

3. What did Cicero's work return to in "On Duties" and why?

4. Describe Cicero's philosophy.

5. What did the Stoics believe made a happy life and did their belief mean?

6. Describe what Cicero insinuated about Caesar, in "On Duties".

7. What is the setting of "Discussions at Tusculum"?

8. What were Cicero's attitudes about human rights?

9. How did Cicero define the 'recipe' to obtain a stable regime in "On Duties"?

10. How did Cicero contradict the entire first chapter "Discussions at Tusculum"?

(see the answer keys)

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