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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In "On Duties," how many feelings does Cicero say a good ruler should inspire in his subjects?
(a) 3.
(b) 1.
(c) 2.
(d) 5.

2. According to the introduction, what is Cicero NOT?
(a) Dogmatic.
(b) Eager.
(c) Spirtual.
(d) Trustworthy.

3. In "On Duties," how will rulers win goodwill?
(a) With truthfulness.
(b) With power and compassion.
(c) With self restraint and self denial.
(d) With wealth.

4. What did Cicero believe applied to every human, according to Grant?
(a) Ability to forgive.
(b) The golden rule.
(c) The ration to love others.
(d) The natural law.

5. What did Cicero believe the result would be if happiness was only achieved by certain goods?
(a) That happiness could only be perfected by possessing imperishable goods.
(b) That happiness was unnecessary.
(c) That unhappiness did not exist.
(d) That happiness was permanent.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to the introduction, what was Cicero considered to be?

2. According to Cicero, in "On Duties," what does he feel is more effective in inspiring confidence?

3. What did Cicero believe humans cannot find peace without?

4. What did Stoics still think was preferable even if it did not add to happiness?

5. How many virtues does Cicero argue moral goodness is comprised of?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Cicero's work return to in "On Duties" and why?

2. When did Cicero write most of his works?

3. What did the Greeks believe made a happy life?

4. What is the setting of "Discussions at Tusculum"?

5. Of those listed in the introduction, what were some of the opinions the various author's had of Cicero?

6. What did the Epicureans believe happiness was?

7. Describe what the series of arguments in "On Duties" discusses.

8. What three things did Cicero argue moral goodness is comprised of?

9. What were Cicero's attitudes about human rights?

10. What does Discussions at Tusculum discuss?

(see the answer keys)

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