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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What must men have to resolve conflict, according to Cicero in "On Duties"?
(a) Respect.
(b) Rulers.
(c) Money.
(d) Resources.

2. According to "Discussions at Tusculum," why are evil people always miserable?
(a) They are selfish.
(b) They do not have friends.
(c) They do not have good lives.
(d) They are not morally good.

3. According to "Discussions at Tusculum," what did all Greek schools of philosophy agree on?
(a) That good lives require posessions.
(b) That good lives require friends.
(c) That good lives require being morally good.
(d) That good lives cannot exist.

4. What are external goods merely considered to be by Cicero?
(a) Unpreferables.
(b) Preferables.
(c) Indifferents.
(d) Necessary to happiness.

5. In "On Duties," how will rulers win goodwill?
(a) With truthfulness.
(b) With wealth.
(c) With self restraint and self denial.
(d) With power and compassion.

6. According to Cicero, in "On Duties," which of the following will NOT inspire a good ruler's subjects?
(a) Goodwill.
(b) Confidence.
(c) Wealth.
(d) Respect of high office.

7. In what period did Cicero gain great fame?
(a) The Renaissance.
(b) 200 years after his death.
(c) The Dark Ages.
(d) Just after his death.

8. According to Cicero, how does he view tyrannies?
(a) Unnecessary.
(b) Unstable.
(c) Stable.
(d) Needed.

9. What did Cicero believe was the most divine thing in humans?
(a) Compassion.
(b) Rational.
(c) Reason.
(d) Love.

10. What were the followers of Aristotle called?
(a) Aristotle's followers.
(b) Aristotlians.
(c) Aristocracy's.
(d) Peripatetics.

11. What is the purpose of the book "On Duties"?
(a) To inspire its readers.
(b) So people will reassess their lives.
(c) So statesmen can come to know their duties.
(d) To challenge its readers.

12. According to "On Duties," how do people find theft by the state?
(a) Necessary.
(b) Unjust.
(c) Absurd.
(d) Outrageous.

13. What are the contents of the book "On Duties" applicable to?
(a) Tyranny.
(b) Friendship.
(c) Jesus.
(d) Present day crisis.

14. Who does Grant say took over power in the Roman Republic during Cicero's writing?
(a) Caesar.
(b) Cassius.
(c) Crassus.
(d) Julius.

15. According to the introduction, what protestant thinkers was Cicero popular among?
(a) Luther and Melancthon.
(b) Pope Gregory.
(c) Luther.
(d) Melancthon.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Cicero, in "On Duties," what does he feel is more effective in inspiring confidence?

2. What happens once virtue is acquired, according to Cicero?

3. What does the book reproduced in "On Duties" concern itself with?

4. What does the Greek philosophy believe about the good life, according to "Discussions at Tusculum"?

5. What did Cicero believe the Roman republic should behave like?

(see the answer keys)

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