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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In "On Duties," how will rulers win goodwill?
(a) With truthfulness.
(b) With self restraint and self denial.
(c) With power and compassion.
(d) With wealth.

2. According to "On Duties," how do people find theft by the state?
(a) Absurd.
(b) Outrageous.
(c) Necessary.
(d) Unjust.

3. Which of the following are not needed to obtain moral goodness, according to Cicero in "On Duties"?
(a) Wealth.
(b) Wisdom.
(c) Justice.
(d) Temperance.

4. What group was Cicero's classical background popular among?
(a) Children.
(b) Humanists.
(c) Philosphers.
(d) Nuns.

5. Who does Cicero compare Dionysius to?
(a) Dante and Plato.
(b) Petrach and Archimedes.
(c) Plato and Plutarch.
(d) Plato and Archimedes.

6. Where is the setting of "Discussions at Tusculum"?
(a) Cicero's apartment.
(b) Cicero's friends house.
(c) By a river.
(d) Cicero's country villa.

7. Who does Grant say took over power in the Roman Republic during Cicero's writing?
(a) Julius.
(b) Crassus.
(c) Cassius.
(d) Caesar.

8. Who did Cicero influence, according to Grant?
(a) The modern philosphers.
(b) The children of the time.
(c) The Italian church.
(d) The Renaissance art.

9. What are the contents of the book "On Duties" applicable to?
(a) Friendship.
(b) Tyranny.
(c) Jesus.
(d) Present day crisis.

10. According to the introduction, how did the younger Seneca receive Cicero?
(a) He noted him once in one of his essays.
(b) He read him only to challenge his work.
(c) He slammed him.
(d) He praised him, but found his writings shallow.

11. What did Cicero believe the Roman republic should behave like?
(a) "Strong and indestructive."
(b) "Heroes of old."
(c) "Elusive and free."
(d) "Lucid and demanding."

12. What is concluded about the achievement of moral goodness, in "Discussions at Tusculum"?
(a) It is the only way to achieve happiness.
(b) It is indifferent to happiness.
(c) It is necessary.
(d) It is unessecary.

13. What dictatorships does Cicero oppose in "On Duties"?
(a) Cassius'.
(b) Brutus's.
(c) Crassus'.
(d) Caesar's.

14. What is "Discussions at Tusculum" about?
(a) What makes a life full of quality.
(b) What happiness is.
(c) What makes a good life happy.
(d) What makes a man happy.

15. When did Cicero do his writing, according to the introduction?
(a) Between the late 60s-40s B.C.
(b) Between the 60s and early 50s A.D.
(c) Between the 60s and early 50s B.C.
(d) During the 60s B.C.

Short Answer Questions

1. In "On Duties," what will wise rulers win from their subjects?

2. What does Cicero question about virtues in "Discussions at Tusculum"?

3. What did Stoics still think was preferable even if it did not add to happiness?

4. According to Cicero, what can one NOT be without being intelligent?

5. According to the introduction, what was Cicero considered to be?

(see the answer keys)

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