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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In "On Duties," what will wise rulers win from their subjects?
(a) Respect.
(b) Fear.
(c) Affection.
(d) Love.

2. What type of governmental system does Cicero prefer?
(a) Where the ruler is morally good.
(b) Where men elect their ruler.
(c) Where no one is taxed.
(d) Where the ruler gives to his community.

3. What was the result of Cicero's desire to capture others thought in his writing's?
(a) He was thoughtless.
(b) He was unoriginal.
(c) He was unthoughtful.
(d) He was too thoughful.

4. Who did Cicero influence, according to Grant?
(a) The Renaissance art.
(b) The Italian church.
(c) The modern philosphers.
(d) The children of the time.

5. Who was Cicero worried about, according to the introduction?
(a) The Roman republic.
(b) His mother's health.
(c) The Greek republic.
(d) His own health.

6. Where is the setting of "Discussions at Tusculum"?
(a) Cicero's friends house.
(b) Cicero's apartment.
(c) By a river.
(d) Cicero's country villa.

7. How does Cicero perceive philosophy under tyranny rule?
(a) It is complicated.
(b) It is a luxury.
(c) It is overlooked.
(d) It is a necessity.

8. According to Cicero, in "On Duties," what does he feel is more effective in inspiring confidence?
(a) Goodwill.
(b) Justice.
(c) Love.
(d) Praise.

9. What must the ruler maintain, according to Cicero?
(a) Equality before law.
(b) Balance between powers.
(c) Order.
(d) Justice.

10. How does Cicero describe what philosophy's method does in "Discussions at Tusculum"?
(a) A release.
(b) Challenging to its thinker.
(c) Freedom from one's pain and suffering.
(d) Intense and though provoking.

11. What did an ancient ethical view believe was necessary for happiness?
(a) Being positive.
(b) Friends.
(c) Stability.
(d) Being true to oneself.

12. What must men have to resolve conflict, according to Cicero in "On Duties"?
(a) Rulers.
(b) Resources.
(c) Money.
(d) Respect.

13. What are neutral things considered to be, according to Cicero?
(a) Indifferents.
(b) Necessary to happiness.
(c) Unpreferables.
(d) Preferables.

14. Who does Grant say took over power in the Roman Republic during Cicero's writing?
(a) Julius.
(b) Caesar.
(c) Crassus.
(d) Cassius.

15. According to Cicero, what will inspire hatred in a ruler's subjects?
(a) One without promise.
(b) One that's selfish.
(c) One that is unforgiving.
(d) One without virtue.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Cicero emphasize in the third and fourth principles in "On Duties"?

2. Who favored Cicero?

3. When did Cicero's reputation decline, according to the introduction?

4. What does much of Cicero's writing contain, according to Grant?

5. According to the introduction, how did Pope Gregory I respond to Cicero's work?

(see the answer keys)

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