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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In "On Duties," how many feelings does Cicero say a good ruler should inspire in his subjects?
(a) 5.
(b) 1.
(c) 2.
(d) 3.

2. According to "Discussions at Tusculum," why are evil people always miserable?
(a) They do not have good lives.
(b) They do not have friends.
(c) They are not morally good.
(d) They are selfish.

3. Who does Grant say took over power in the Roman Republic during Cicero's writing?
(a) Julius.
(b) Caesar.
(c) Cassius.
(d) Crassus.

4. What prevented a person from being happy, according to Cicero?
(a) Not having a house.
(b) Not being morally good.
(c) Not having friends.
(d) Not having money.

5. How does the book of "On Duties" begin?
(a) With a quote.
(b) With a description of its setting.
(c) With a summary of facts.
(d) With the argument that being morally good provides knowledge to our duties.

6. What group believed happiness is the enjoyment of pleasure and the avoidance of pain?
(a) Roman's.
(b) Greek's.
(c) French.
(d) Epicureans.

7. According to the introduction, who did Cicero criticize?
(a) Greeks.
(b) Romans that were too "hellenized."
(c) The church.
(d) Romans.

8. What does the book reproduced in "On Duties" concern itself with?
(a) Theory of civic virtue.
(b) Theory of happiness.
(c) Theory of civic dispute.
(d) Theory of friendship.

9. What group was Cicero's classical background popular among?
(a) Humanists.
(b) Children.
(c) Nuns.
(d) Philosphers.

10. What did Cicero believe the result would be if happiness was only achieved by certain goods?
(a) That happiness was unnecessary.
(b) That unhappiness did not exist.
(c) That happiness was permanent.
(d) That happiness could only be perfected by possessing imperishable goods.

11. What are external 'bads' considered to be, according to Cicero?
(a) Indifferents.
(b) Necessary to happiness.
(c) Preferables.
(d) Unpreferables.

12. Who was Cicero worried about, according to the introduction?
(a) The Greek republic.
(b) The Roman republic.
(c) His own health.
(d) His mother's health.

13. What did Cicero resist being identified with, according to Grant?
(a) Any woman.
(b) Anyone religion.
(c) Dogmatism.
(d) Any one school of philosphy.

14. What or whom does Michael Grant, the author of the introduction, introduce?
(a) Himself.
(b) Greek philosophy.
(c) Marcus Tullius Cicero.
(d) Roman philosophy.

15. According to the introduction, what is Cicero NOT?
(a) Eager.
(b) Spirtual.
(c) Trustworthy.
(d) Dogmatic.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was the result of Cicero's desire to capture others thought in his writing's?

2. What did Stoics still think was preferable even if it did not add to happiness?

3. How does Cicero describe what philosophy's method does in "Discussions at Tusculum"?

4. What does much of Cicero's writing contain, according to Grant?

5. What does Cicero emphasize in the third and fourth principles in "On Duties"?

(see the answer keys)

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