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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What were the followers of Aristotle called?
(a) Aristocracy's.
(b) Aristotlians.
(c) Peripatetics.
(d) Aristotle's followers.

2. In "On Duties," how many feelings does Cicero say a good ruler should inspire in his subjects?
(a) 2.
(b) 5.
(c) 3.
(d) 1.

3. Who was Dionysius?
(a) The ruler of Rome.
(b) The dictator of Syracuse.
(c) The dictator of Greece.
(d) The ruler of Asia.

4. What must men have to resolve conflict, according to Cicero in "On Duties"?
(a) Respect.
(b) Rulers.
(c) Resources.
(d) Money.

5. Who did Cicero influence, according to Grant?
(a) The Italian church.
(b) The modern philosphers.
(c) The Renaissance art.
(d) The children of the time.

6. How many miles was the setting of "Discussions at Tusculum" from Cicero's home?
(a) 13 miles.
(b) 16 miles.
(c) 15 miles.
(d) 100 miles.

7. What did Cicero resist being identified with, according to Grant?
(a) Any woman.
(b) Any one school of philosphy.
(c) Anyone religion.
(d) Dogmatism.

8. What did Cicero believe the result would be if happiness was only achieved by certain goods?
(a) That happiness could only be perfected by possessing imperishable goods.
(b) That happiness was permanent.
(c) That unhappiness did not exist.
(d) That happiness was unnecessary.

9. According to the introduction, what protestant thinkers was Cicero popular among?
(a) Luther.
(b) Luther and Melancthon.
(c) Melancthon.
(d) Pope Gregory.

10. Who is the discussion between, in "Discussions at Tusculum"?
(a) Cicero and his dad.
(b) Cicero and Caesar.
(c) Cicero and a friend.
(d) Cicero and Dante.

11. According to the introduction, who did Cicero criticize?
(a) The church.
(b) Romans that were too "hellenized."
(c) Romans.
(d) Greeks.

12. What did Cicero believe humans cannot find peace without?
(a) Serving mankind.
(b) Fighting for your thoughts.
(c) Falling in love.
(d) Thoughts and rations.

13. Who favored Cicero?
(a) Lactantius and many Christian fathers.
(b) Greek orators.
(c) Roman orators.
(d) Nuns.

14. What does Grant state Cicero was excellent at doing?
(a) Manifesting ideas.
(b) Challenging ideas.
(c) Deepening ideas.
(d) Popularizing ideas.

15. What are the series of arguments about in "On Duties"?
(a) They are against tyranny.
(b) They are against religion.
(c) They are against liberty.
(d) They are against confomrity.

Short Answer Questions

1. In "On Duties," which book is only reproduced in this particular selection of readings?

2. What does Cicero emphasize in the third and fourth principles in "On Duties"?

3. What are the third and fourth principles concerned with, in "On Duties"?

4. What or whom does Michael Grant, the author of the introduction, introduce?

5. Who does Cicero compare Dionysius to?

(see the answer keys)

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