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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How many principles does Cicero list that govern the performances of our obligations?
(a) 8.
(b) 7.
(c) 5.
(d) 6.

2. According to the introduction, what protestant thinkers was Cicero popular among?
(a) Pope Gregory.
(b) Luther.
(c) Melancthon.
(d) Luther and Melancthon.

3. According to Cicero, in "On Duties," what does he feel is more effective in inspiring confidence?
(a) Goodwill.
(b) Justice.
(c) Praise.
(d) Love.

4. How does the argument in "Discussions at Tusculum" begin?
(a) With Cicero talking to Brutus.
(b) With a description of the river.
(c) With Cicero talking to himself.
(d) With his friend asking Cicero a question.

5. Who did Cicero influence, according to Grant?
(a) The Italian church.
(b) The Renaissance art.
(c) The children of the time.
(d) The modern philosphers.

6. What does Cicero question about virtues in "Discussions at Tusculum"?
(a) Whether or not they even exist.
(b) Whether they can make for a supremely happy life.
(c) If they are necessary to people.
(d) If they are a tangible or intangible component.

7. Who was Cicero worried about, according to the introduction?
(a) The Greek republic.
(b) The Roman republic.
(c) His mother's health.
(d) His own health.

8. Who does Cicero compare Dionysius to?
(a) Dante and Plato.
(b) Plato and Archimedes.
(c) Petrach and Archimedes.
(d) Plato and Plutarch.

9. In "Discussions at Tusculum," what do the Stoics argue is necessary to be happy?
(a) To be rich.
(b) To be young.
(c) To be old.
(d) To be morally good.

10. According to "Discussions at Tusculum," what did all Greek schools of philosophy agree on?
(a) That good lives require posessions.
(b) That good lives cannot exist.
(c) That good lives require being morally good.
(d) That good lives require friends.

11. What does Grant state Cicero was excellent at doing?
(a) Deepening ideas.
(b) Challenging ideas.
(c) Popularizing ideas.
(d) Manifesting ideas.

12. According to "Discussions at Tusculum," why are evil people always miserable?
(a) They do not have friends.
(b) They do not have good lives.
(c) They are not morally good.
(d) They are selfish.

13. Who was Dionysius?
(a) The dictator of Greece.
(b) The dictator of Syracuse.
(c) The ruler of Asia.
(d) The ruler of Rome.

14. Which of the following are not needed to obtain moral goodness, according to Cicero in "On Duties"?
(a) Justice.
(b) Wealth.
(c) Temperance.
(d) Wisdom.

15. According to Cicero, what will inspire hatred in a ruler's subjects?
(a) One without virtue.
(b) One that is unforgiving.
(c) One without promise.
(d) One that's selfish.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to the introduction, what was Cicero considered to be?

2. What are the series of arguments about in "On Duties"?

3. Which medieval thinker admired Cicero, according to Grant?

4. What must the ruler maintain, according to Cicero?

5. What did Cicero believe the Roman republic should behave like?

(see the answer keys)

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