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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to "Discussions at Tusculum," why are evil people always miserable?
(a) They are not morally good.
(b) They do not have good lives.
(c) They are selfish.
(d) They do not have friends.

2. How does Cicero perceive philosophy under tyranny rule?
(a) It is overlooked.
(b) It is a luxury.
(c) It is a necessity.
(d) It is complicated.

3. What are the series of arguments about in "On Duties"?
(a) They are against religion.
(b) They are against tyranny.
(c) They are against liberty.
(d) They are against confomrity.

4. What did Cicero believe was the most divine thing in humans?
(a) Reason.
(b) Love.
(c) Rational.
(d) Compassion.

5. What are the third and fourth principles concerned with, in "On Duties"?
(a) Taxes.
(b) Expediency.
(c) Dictators.
(d) Love.

6. How many miles was the setting of "Discussions at Tusculum" from Cicero's home?
(a) 13 miles.
(b) 16 miles.
(c) 15 miles.
(d) 100 miles.

7. What are external goods always at risk of, according to Cicero?
(a) Possession.
(b) Jealousy.
(c) "Violent commotions."
(d) Wealth.

8. What did Cicero believe strongly about the virtues of philosophy?
(a) They took away the "load of empty troubles."
(b) They were valid and rational.
(c) They gave comfort to the fearful.
(d) They were insightful.

9. In "On Duties," which book is only reproduced in this particular selection of readings?
(a) Book II.
(b) Book I.
(c) Book IV.
(d) Book III.

10. What type of interest did the Romans have towards philosophy, according to Grant?
(a) Superficial.
(b) Slight intrigue.
(c) Deep and thoughtful.
(d) Deep intrigue.

11. According to Cicero, in "On Duties," what does he feel is more effective in inspiring confidence?
(a) Love.
(b) Praise.
(c) Justice.
(d) Goodwill.

12. What does the book reproduced in "On Duties" concern itself with?
(a) Theory of civic virtue.
(b) Theory of friendship.
(c) Theory of civic dispute.
(d) Theory of happiness.

13. What are the contents of the book "On Duties" applicable to?
(a) Jesus.
(b) Friendship.
(c) Tyranny.
(d) Present day crisis.

14. What must the ruler maintain, according to Cicero?
(a) Order.
(b) Equality before law.
(c) Balance between powers.
(d) Justice.

15. What must men have to resolve conflict, according to Cicero in "On Duties"?
(a) Respect.
(b) Rulers.
(c) Resources.
(d) Money.

Short Answer Questions

1. In "On Duties," how many feelings does Cicero say a good ruler should inspire in his subjects?

2. According to the introduction, what did Cicero take refuge in after a divorce, fights with friends, and his daughter's death?

3. What are external 'bads' considered to be, according to Cicero?

4. According to "Discussions at Tusculum," what did all Greek schools of philosophy agree on?

5. According to the introduction, what protestant thinkers was Cicero popular among?

(see the answer keys)

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