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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. In Gaul, Julian's army is plagued by:

2. Julian notes that Constantius inspires all of these emotions in his subjects expect:

3. Julian's relationship with his wife, Helena, is best described as:

4. Constantius dies of:

5. At his coronation, Julian takes action that is strictly forbidden: He:

Short Essay Questions

1. Gallus and his wife, Constantia, appear to be cut from the same cloth. What do you learn about them and their tastes and habits?

2. What do Basil and Gregory represent to Julian?

3. At about the same time as Julian is defeating the Germans, Helena is giving birth to their first child, a son. Describe the birth and the circumstances surrounding the occasion. How does Julian react when he learns what transpires.

4. Julian meets Macrina and her uncle, Prohaeresius, while he is in Athens. What role do these two individuals play in Julian's life?

5. Julian insists that his brother is led astray by Constantia. Do you think this is true? What evidence can you cite to support your answer?

6. In Chapter V, Gallus is named Caesar and marries Constantius's sister, Constantia. Do you think this is a coincidence? How do you explain these two almost simultaneous occurrences?

7. How does Julian deal with his religious doubts, questions and qualms?

8. On numerous occasions, Julian ignores, forgives or excuses his brother's vile behavior. Why do you think he does this?

9. What does Gallus' treatment of Hilarius show about his character? What does Julian's reaction to the Hilarius incident reveal about his character?

10. Describe Gallus' feelings toward his brother Julian.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss the incident in which Julian's men hold a lottery to divide up the women of Maiozamalcha, Julian looks for a child to save, but he ends up selecting a deaf-mute boy, who remains faithful to Julian until his death. Explain the significance of this incident. What does the lottery reveal about warfare during Roman times? What do Julian's actions reveal about him? How do his men react? How does this incident contribute to the rising action of the story?

Essay Topic 2

When Julian realizes that he loses the support of his beloved deities, it is a crucial turning point for him. How does this change him as a man and as a leader? What do you think goes through his mind about religion and about his life-long efforts to praise, honor and elevate the deities?

Essay Topic 3

What ultimately brings Julian down and causes and his era to end? Do you think it is Julian himself? Do you think it is his destiny or the will of the people or simply the march of history or some other factor that brings Julian's reign and the changes he seeks to effect to a halt? Explain Julian's ultimate failure and death in big picture terms.

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