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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Julian spends his last moments before dying with:
(a) Priscus and Maximus.
(b) Callistus.
(c) Victor and Jovian.
(d) Libanius and Priscus.

2. Julian calls Jesus Christ:
(a) The Son of Man.
(b) The Galilean.
(c) The Messiah.
(d) The Savior.

3. The army's reaction to Julian's religious decrees can best be described as:
(a) Dismay.
(b) Approval.
(c) Hope.
(d) Indifference.

4. Maximus claims to tell about the location and manner of Julian's death by:
(a) Persephone, the Queen of the Dead.
(b) Aries, the sun god.
(c) The angel Gabriel.
(d) Callistus.

5. When Libanius is refused permission to publish the Julian manuscript, his reaction is:
(a) He takes out some details to make the manuscript more acceptable.
(b) He changes the title and the names of some of the characters.
(c) He is extremely disappointed.
(d) He publishes the manuscript secretly.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Priscus, the omens for the military campaign are:

2. Maximus is put to death for:

3. According to this person, Julian's account is somewhat erroneous and self-serving:

4. Julian finds the city of Nicromedia in ruins because of:

5. The deaf-mute child Julian saves from his men becomes:

Short Essay Questions

1. What happens during the year of the famine in Antioch? Who is responsible for the famine? Who is blamed?

2. Once he is Augustus, how does Julian display his disdain for Christianity?

3. How does Julian react when the signs and messages from the deities are not what he wants to hear?

4. Throughout his life, Julian is influenced and makes decisions based on signs, omens and dreams. At one point, he dreams about a tree. Describe this dream and his interpretation of it.

5. Describe Julian's lifestyle after he becomes Augustus.

6. Julian travels overland to Antioch stopping in various towns along the way. What reason does he give for the journey and what does Julian hope to accomplish by visiting the towns en route?

7. Julian has grown more and more enamored with belief in the Hellenistic gods and more distant from Christianity. His dislike of Christian holidays is well known. Why does he publicly celebrate Epiphany?

8. What is Constantius' response when Julian is acclaimed Augustus by the people? What does he do? How do you think he feels?

9. Julian claims to be tolerant of different religions. Why does he feel compelled to attempt to initiate religious upheaval among the Romans and convert them from Christianity to Hellenism? What makes him think he can succeed at this monumental task?

10. Several things happen that suggest to Julian that his death may be imminent. Cite some of these occurrences. What does Julian think about these incidents and how does he react?

(see the answer keys)

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