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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The army's reaction to Julian's religious decrees can best be described as:
(a) Hope.
(b) Approval.
(c) Dismay.
(d) Indifference.

2. Julian is told of a plot to kill him involving:
(a) Someone close to him.
(b) The surviving citizens of Maiozamalcha.
(c) His deaf-mute servant.
(d) Faustina.

3. Julian's general, Salutius, asks him to wait a week before pressing on with the military campaign. In a week's time, Salaius hopes that:
(a) Reinforcements arrive to augment Julian's army.
(b) The Persians run out of food and supplies.
(c) Julian loses his enthusiasm for the campaign and agrees to return to Rome.
(d) The Persians retreat back to the Euphrates.

4. In Section XX, in order to engage the Persians, the Roman troops have to cross:
(a) A graveyard.
(b) A deep gorge.
(c) A mountain.
(d) A river.

5. Julian's troops enter Persia and make camp at this river:
(a) The Euphrates River.
(b) The Nile River.
(c) The Jordan River.
(d) The Tigris River.

Short Answer Questions

1. On his way to Antioch in section XV, Julian stops in cities along the way and visits:

2. Libanius needs permission from ______ to publish his manuscript about Julian.

3. In retaliation for the destruction of the temple to Apollo, Julian closes:

4. Constantius calls on his successor to care for:

5. Just a few miles from the Tigris River, Julian declares a brief respite from the fighting to:

Short Essay Questions

1. Julian has grown more and more enamored with belief in the Hellenistic gods and more distant from Christianity. His dislike of Christian holidays is well known. Why does he publicly celebrate Epiphany?

2. Several things happen that suggest to Julian that his death may be imminent. Cite some of these occurrences. What does Julian think about these incidents and how does he react?

3. How does Julian deal with the famine in Antioch?

4. When Julian's army and the general populace begin calling for Julian to become Augustus, he seems unsure how to react. Do you think he wants to become Augustus or not? Why does he seem to act so coy about the people's call?

5. Priscus, for one, takes a different viewpoint about Julian's popularity and his claims that he is beloved by the army and the people of Rome. What does Priscus say to Libanius about Julian's public image at the time of his ascension to Augustus?

6. Throughout his life, Julian is influenced and makes decisions based on signs, omens and dreams. At one point, he dreams about a tree. Describe this dream and his interpretation of it.

7. Describe the situation when Julian enters Persia at the start of the campaign when Julian, his generals and the troops first reach the Euphrates River.

8. What is Constantius' response when Julian is acclaimed Augustus by the people? What does he do? How do you think he feels?

9. How does Julian react when the signs and messages from the deities are not what he wants to hear?

10. How does Julian really feel about religion at the time of his ascension to the position of Augustus?

(see the answer keys)

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