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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. As Augustus, Julian attempts to clean up corruption in the palace by dismissing:
(a) The entertainers and singers.
(b) All the eunuchs.
(c) The kitchen staff.
(d) All of Constantius's former servants.

2. With the success of his Persia campaign, Julian boasts to his generals that:
(a) He kills more enemy soldiers than any of them.
(b) He conquers more land for Rome that any other emperor.
(c) He is protected by the shield of God and does not die in battle.
(d) He fights with his men on the front lines and does not hide in his tent.

3. In Section XX, in order to engage the Persians, the Roman troops have to cross:
(a) A graveyard.
(b) A deep gorge.
(c) A mountain.
(d) A river.

4. Julian is told of a plot to kill him involving:
(a) His deaf-mute servant.
(b) Faustina.
(c) Someone close to him.
(d) The surviving citizens of Maiozamalcha.

5. Julian tells his generals he is confident he prevails against the Persians because:
(a) The Roman soldiers are better trained and more courageous.
(b) A spy tells him that many of the Persians are sick with dysentery.
(c) He has information from the gods.
(d) He has a recurring dream about the victory.

Short Answer Questions

1. Several factors exacerbate the food shortages caused by the famine. Among the factors:

2. Libanius seeks to secure ______ for Cimon for many years.

3. When Julian's friend Maximus arrives in Constantinople, the two friends discuss a plan for a military campaign against:

4. Julian claims not to know how he gets wounded. Callistus:

5. Julian relies on his financial adviser to advise him on how to deal with shortages caused by the famine. This adviser's name is:

Short Essay Questions

1. When Julian's army and the general populace begin calling for Julian to become Augustus, he seems unsure how to react. Do you think he wants to become Augustus or not? Why does he seem to act so coy about the people's call?

2. How does Julian deal with the famine in Antioch?

3. Several things happen that suggest to Julian that his death may be imminent. Cite some of these occurrences. What does Julian think about these incidents and how does he react?

4. What happens during the year of the famine in Antioch? Who is responsible for the famine? Who is blamed?

5. Throughout his life, Julian is influenced and makes decisions based on signs, omens and dreams. At one point, he dreams about a tree. Describe this dream and his interpretation of it.

6. Julian may have a sense that he is becoming drunk with power and losing touch with real people and real issues. Describe the incident at the baths that illustrates his awareness.

7. Describe the incidence of Helena's death.

8. Julian claims to be tolerant of different religions. Why does he feel compelled to attempt to initiate religious upheaval among the Romans and convert them from Christianity to Hellenism? What makes him think he can succeed at this monumental task?

9. Julian has grown more and more enamored with belief in the Hellenistic gods and more distant from Christianity. His dislike of Christian holidays is well known. Why does he publicly celebrate Epiphany?

10. What happens when Julian's army encounters the Persian army near Ctesiphon? What orders does Julian give? How does he act in front of the troops? What do you think is actually going on in his mind?

(see the answer keys)

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