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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Near Maiozamalcha, Julian and a small scouting party encounter:
(a) A lion.
(b) An ambush.
(c) An arsenal.
(d) A eunuch.

2. After Oribasius reports the Oracle's prediction to Julian, Julian instructs Oribasius:
(a) To tell no one.
(b) To send the news via messengers throughout the empire.
(c) To proclaim a day of celebration.
(d) To consult with Maximus.

3. When Julian gives orders for the army to head north, it is a sign that they are headed:
(a) Into Gaul.
(b) Towards Macedonia.
(c) Back to Rome.
(d) For defeat.

4. After his initial confrontation with the Persians, Julian slaughters:
(a) A bull.
(b) A company of men.
(c) A flock of sheep.
(d) A ram.

5. Libanius seeks to secure ______ for Cimon for many years.
(a) Legitimacy.
(b) Relief from seizures.
(c) A cure for epilepsy.
(d) A Christian education.

Short Answer Questions

1. Julian describes Christianity as:

2. Julian finds the city of Nicromedia in ruins because of:

3. With the success of his Persia campaign, Julian boasts to his generals that:

4. Among the principal military commanders who accompany Julian into Persia are all of these except:

5. Julian claims to have information that _____ is behind the plot to kill him.

Short Essay Questions

1. Julian claims to be tolerant of different religions. Why does he feel compelled to attempt to initiate religious upheaval among the Romans and convert them from Christianity to Hellenism? What makes him think he can succeed at this monumental task?

2. When Julian's army and the general populace begin calling for Julian to become Augustus, he seems unsure how to react. Do you think he wants to become Augustus or not? Why does he seem to act so coy about the people's call?

3. Throughout his life, Julian is influenced and makes decisions based on signs, omens and dreams. At one point, he dreams about a tree. Describe this dream and his interpretation of it.

4. In his memoirs and his journal, Julian insists that his army and the people love him, that he goes to great lengths to avoid confrontation and do right by the populace, and that his ascension to power is due to the will of the people. Some of these recollections are rather self-serving. Describe some examples of these recollections.

5. Once he is Augustus, how does Julian display his disdain for Christianity?

6. Describe the incidence of Helena's death.

7. Describe the scene of the battle near Ctesiphon the next day. What does Julian do during the battle? What does he do immediately after the battle?

8. How does Julian deal with the famine in Antioch?

9. After Constantius dies and his will is read, Julian's position as Augustus is solidified and validated. How? What is the first thing Julian does to demonstrate his power?

10. What happens during the year of the famine in Antioch? Who is responsible for the famine? Who is blamed?

(see the answer keys)

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