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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Priscus says that the omens for Julian personally are:
(a) Inconclusive.
(b) Not encouraging.
(c) Horrible.
(d) Exciting.

2. After reading Julian's journal, Priscus learns that Julian:
(a) Is angry and frustrated by his general's lack of support.
(b) Considers suicide as a way of ending his dilemma.
(c) Never wants to become emperor in the first place.
(d) Wrestles with religious doubts.

3. Julian compares the teachings of Jesus to:
(a) The poetry of Homer.
(b) The sculptures of Phidias.
(c) The philosophies of Plato and Aristotle.
(d) The dramas of Sophacles and Euripedes.

4. It is foretold that Julian is fated to die in:
(a) Phrygia.
(b) Gaul.
(c) Damascus.
(d) Athens.

5. When the temple to Apollo is burned, Julian blames:
(a) The Christians.
(b) Supporters of Constantius.
(c) Traitorous soldiers.
(d) The Germans.

Short Answer Questions

1. After Oribasius reports the Oracle's prediction to Julian, Julian instructs Oribasius:

2. Constantius's will names this person as his successor.

3. Towards the end of Julian's campaign in Persia, although he continues to base many of his decisions on signs and omens, Julian:

4. When Julian gives orders for the army to head north, it is a sign that they are headed:

5. The Persian army use ____ to carry their archers.

Short Essay Questions

1. Julian claims to be tolerant of different religions. Why does he feel compelled to attempt to initiate religious upheaval among the Romans and convert them from Christianity to Hellenism? What makes him think he can succeed at this monumental task?

2. How does Julian react when the signs and messages from the deities are not what he wants to hear?

3. What happens during the year of the famine in Antioch? Who is responsible for the famine? Who is blamed?

4. What happens when Julian's army encounters the Persian army near Ctesiphon? What orders does Julian give? How does he act in front of the troops? What do you think is actually going on in his mind?

5. Throughout his life, Julian is influenced and makes decisions based on signs, omens and dreams. At one point, he dreams about a tree. Describe this dream and his interpretation of it.

6. Describe Julian's lifestyle after he becomes Augustus.

7. Julian may have a sense that he is becoming drunk with power and losing touch with real people and real issues. Describe the incident at the baths that illustrates his awareness.

8. What is Constantius' response when Julian is acclaimed Augustus by the people? What does he do? How do you think he feels?

9. Priscus, for one, takes a different viewpoint about Julian's popularity and his claims that he is beloved by the army and the people of Rome. What does Priscus say to Libanius about Julian's public image at the time of his ascension to Augustus?

10. Julian travels overland to Antioch stopping in various towns along the way. What reason does he give for the journey and what does Julian hope to accomplish by visiting the towns en route?

(see the answer keys)

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