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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Sosipatra prophesies all of the following except:
(a) Julian dies a warrior's death.
(b) Julian marrying Helena.
(c) Julian is a military and political leader.
(d) Julian dies in a place called Phrygia.

2. Helena's last conversation with Julian before her death concerns:
(a) Her grief over the deaths of her two children.
(b) Her fear that Julian is killed.
(c) Repairs to the roof of her villa.
(d) Her regret that she does not produce a suitable heir.

3. When Julian talks about the future with Helena in section IX, she urges him to:
(a) Return to Athens to resume his studies.
(b) Return to Gaul to fight the Germans.
(c) Make love to her.
(d) Become Augustus.

4. Julian's reluctance to become Augustus probably stems from:
(a) His love for Eusebia.
(b) His fear that Constantius accuses him of treason.
(c) His doubts about Christianity.
(d) His belief that it is not yet his time to become Augustus.

5. Julian notes that Constantius inspires all of these emotions in his subjects expect:
(a) Contempt.
(b) Admiration.
(c) Fear.
(d) Awe.

Short Answer Questions

1. After he becomes Augustus, Julian fills his time with all of these activities except:

2. While Julian is being initiated into the mysteries, hooded men hurl insults at him, calling him all of these things except:

3. Constantius eventually grants Julian permission to:

4. While in Gaul, during the actual fighting against the German invaders, Julian:

5. Julian often interprets signs, omens and dreams:

Short Essay Questions

1. The seeds of Julian's religious conflict are also sown in chapter two. What memories indicate that Julian experiences doubts, questions and great interest in things metaphysical as a youngster?

2. At about the same time as Julian is defeating the Germans, Helena is giving birth to their first child, a son. Describe the birth and the circumstances surrounding the occasion. How does Julian react when he learns what transpires.

3. Julian is gaining confidence and developing skill as a military leader. Cite evidence or his military skills and success at about this time (356-358).

4. Why is it appropriate that Libanius and Priscus discuss things like their health and families as well as their memories of Julian and opinions about the current rulers of the land in the first chapter of this book?

5. Julian often claims that he dislikes the ritual, etiquette and intrigue of the royal court, that he does not seek to acquire rank or power, and that he longs only to become a scholar. Do you think this is true? Give evidence for your answer/

6. What happens to Julian when he returns to Rome? What do you think drives Constantius to do what he does to Julian?

7. What happens when Julian finally has his long-awaited battle with the Germans? What does he carry into battle with him and how does he feel about carrying the item?

8. Once he is appointed Caesar, Julian is immediately sent to Gaul. Constantius surrounds him with spies and men loyal to the Augustus and does not give him much in the way of military or political support. How does Julian deal with this situation?

9. Julian states that his 47 days in Athens are the happiest days of his life. Why is Julian happy during his stay in Athens?

10. After a few weeks in Athens, Julian is recalled to Italy by his cousin, Augustus Constantius. What is his reaction to being recalled? Why? Why does he think Constantius may be out to get him at this point?

(see the answer keys)

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