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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. As a youngster, Gallus is best described as:
(a) Naïve.
(b) Intelligent.
(c) Angry.
(d) Selfish.

2. Gallus' wife, Constantia, eventually dies from:
(a) Poison.
(b) Suicide.
(c) Fever.
(d) Childbirth.

3. Gallus tells Constantius that Julian wants to become:
(a) A general.
(b) Caesar.
(c) A priest.
(d) A scholar.

4. Which of these phrases does not describe Julian's relationship with his brother, Gallus?
(a) Julian is infuriated by Gallus.
(b) Julian is amused by Gallus.
(c) Julian is intimidated by Gallus.
(d) Julian is jealous of Gallus.

5. When Julian fights the Germans, he is required to carry into battle with him:
(a) Eusebia's scarf.
(b) A Bible.
(c) An effigy of Constantius.
(d) A Christian medallion of St. Mammas.

Short Answer Questions

1. Julian interprets the dream to mean:

2. Which of the two brothers find favor with Constantius?

3. After Gallus is named Caesar, Libanius goes to Gallus' home and observes:

4. Although he is intrigued by the deities, Julian also believes in:

5. When Constantius visits Julian and Gallus, he brings along:

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe Julian's relationship with his brother, Gallus.

2. Julian meets Macrina and her uncle, Prohaeresius, while he is in Athens. What role do these two individuals play in Julian's life?

3. As a youngster, Julian expresses awareness of his own mortality and even fear for his life. Why?

4. What do the letters of Priscus and Libanius reveal about the culture and customs that exist in Rome at the time of their correspondence?

5. After a few weeks in Athens, Julian is recalled to Italy by his cousin, Augustus Constantius. What is his reaction to being recalled? Why? Why does he think Constantius may be out to get him at this point?

6. What happens to Julian when he returns to Rome? What do you think drives Constantius to do what he does to Julian?

7. Julian marries Helena in 355. What is their relationship like? Why do you think the relationship is as it is?

8. How does Julian deal with his religious doubts, questions and qualms?

9. Who is Sosipatra and what effect does she have on Julian's life?

10. Julian often claims that he dislikes the ritual, etiquette and intrigue of the royal court, that he does not seek to acquire rank or power, and that he longs only to become a scholar. Do you think this is true? Give evidence for your answer/

(see the answer keys)

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