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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Oribasius of Pergamom is:
(a) Constantius' psychic.
(b) Constantius' scribe.
(c) Constantius' physician.
(d) Constantius' eunuch.

2. While in Gaul, during the actual fighting against the German invaders, Julian:
(a) Makes strategic decisions based on intelligence.
(b) Joins his men at the front and demonstrates his courage.
(c) Rallies the local population to join his cause.
(d) Relies on signs and omens to determine the outcome.

3. Julian spends 47 days in Athens:
(a) Recovering from fever.
(b) Planning his Persian campaign.
(c) Studying.
(d) Training in the martial arts.

4. Gallus tells Constantius that Julian wants to become:
(a) Caesar.
(b) A scholar.
(c) A priest.
(d) A general.

5. Julian describes the people of Gaul as all of these except:
(a) Ready for battle.
(b) Impoverished.
(c) Well groomed.
(d) Neatly dressed.

Short Answer Questions

1. Within the span of a few months, all of the following events occur except:

2. While in Athens, Julian encounters all of the following except:

3. When Julian fights the Germans, he is required to carry into battle with him:

4. In Gaul, Julian's army is plagued by:

5. What is Constantius' relationship to the brothers, Julian and Gallus?

Short Essay Questions

1. After a few weeks in Athens, Julian is recalled to Italy by his cousin, Augustus Constantius. What is his reaction to being recalled? Why? Why does he think Constantius may be out to get him at this point?

2. What happens to Julian when he returns to Rome? What do you think drives Constantius to do what he does to Julian?

3. What does Gallus' treatment of Hilarius show about his character? What does Julian's reaction to the Hilarius incident reveal about his character?

4. Describe Julian's relationship with his father. How does he know his father loves him?

5. Julian meets Macrina and her uncle, Prohaeresius, while he is in Athens. What role do these two individuals play in Julian's life?

6. As a youngster, Julian expresses awareness of his own mortality and even fear for his life. Why?

7. What are Julian's observations about the people of Gaul?

8. Julian often claims that he dislikes the ritual, etiquette and intrigue of the royal court, that he does not seek to acquire rank or power, and that he longs only to become a scholar. Do you think this is true? Give evidence for your answer/

9. Julian marries Helena in 355. What is their relationship like? Why do you think the relationship is as it is?

10. Describe Gallus' feelings toward his brother Julian.

(see the answer keys)

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