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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Once Julian becomes Caesar, he demonstrates all these character qualities except:
(a) Shrewdness.
(b) Ambition.
(c) Courage.
(d) Cruelty.

2. Eusebia intercedes with Constantius on Julian's behalf. Eusebia is:
(a) Constantius and Julian's cousin.
(b) Julian's mistress.
(c) Constantius' wife.
(d) Julian's half sister.

3. Julian's attitude towards battle is:
(a) Cautious and wary.
(b) Ambivalent.
(c) Frightened and worried.
(d) Eager and optimistic.

4. Although he is intrigued by the deities, Julian also believes in:
(a) The Prophet, Mohammed.
(b) The Way.
(c) The Virgin Mary.
(d) One God.

5. Hilarius is:
(a) Julian's favorite magician.
(b) Julian's favorite dancer.
(c) Julian's favorite groom.
(d) Julian's favorite fencing partner.

Short Answer Questions

1. Julian's reluctance to become Augustus probably stems from:

2. Julian's first indication that he becomes a great warrior and leader comes from:

3. Julian often interprets signs, omens and dreams:

4. Constantius appoints Gallus as:

5. After meeting Macrina in Athens, Priscus describes her as:

Short Essay Questions

1. The seeds of Julian's religious conflict are also sown in chapter two. What memories indicate that Julian experiences doubts, questions and great interest in things metaphysical as a youngster?

2. Gallus and his wife, Constantia, appear to be cut from the same cloth. What do you learn about them and their tastes and habits?

3. Julian meets Macrina and her uncle, Prohaeresius, while he is in Athens. What role do these two individuals play in Julian's life?

4. Julian often claims that he dislikes the ritual, etiquette and intrigue of the royal court, that he does not seek to acquire rank or power, and that he longs only to become a scholar. Do you think this is true? Give evidence for your answer/

5. What do the letters of Priscus and Libanius reveal about the culture and customs that exist in Rome at the time of their correspondence?

6. On numerous occasions, Julian ignores, forgives or excuses his brother's vile behavior. Why do you think he does this?

7. In Chapter V, Gallus is named Caesar and marries Constantius's sister, Constantia. Do you think this is a coincidence? How do you explain these two almost simultaneous occurrences?

8. As a youngster, Julian expresses awareness of his own mortality and even fear for his life. Why?

9. Julian is gaining confidence and developing skill as a military leader. Cite evidence or his military skills and success at about this time (356-358).

10. Julian loses many of the adults of his young life. Describe three of these losses and how they influence him as a youth.

(see the answer keys)

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