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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Julian learns that Constantius is planning to march against him:
(a) By intercepting a letter.
(b) From Eusebia.
(c) Through a spy.
(d) By torturing a steward.

2. Through his military exploits, Julian's hopes to gain:
(a) Peace with the Germans.
(b) Power and adulation from the people.
(c) Approval from his father.
(d) Access to Britain.

3. After the death of the Bishop, Julian and Gallus agree to:
(a) Build a chapel together.
(b) Compare their sexual experiences.
(c) Share the same mistress.
(d) Study Christian scripture together.

4. After Gallus is named Caesar, Libanius goes to Gallus' home and observes:
(a) A marital dispute.
(b) A brutal boxing match.
(c) A flogging.
(d) A lavish feast.

5. Julian's attitude towards battle is:
(a) Frightened and worried.
(b) Ambivalent.
(c) Eager and optimistic.
(d) Cautious and wary.

Short Answer Questions

1. Although he is intrigued by the deities, Julian also believes in:

2. What happens to Julian and Helena's second child?

3. All of the following are factors in the plot to kill Julian except:

4. After meeting Macrina in Athens, Priscus describes her as:

5. As a child of Mithra, Julian believes in:

Short Essay Questions

1. Gallus and his wife, Constantia, appear to be cut from the same cloth. What do you learn about them and their tastes and habits?

2. As a youngster, Julian expresses awareness of his own mortality and even fear for his life. Why?

3. In Chapter V, Gallus is named Caesar and marries Constantius's sister, Constantia. Do you think this is a coincidence? How do you explain these two almost simultaneous occurrences?

4. Julian often claims that he dislikes the ritual, etiquette and intrigue of the royal court, that he does not seek to acquire rank or power, and that he longs only to become a scholar. Do you think this is true? Give evidence for your answer/

5. Julian states that his 47 days in Athens are the happiest days of his life. Why is Julian happy during his stay in Athens?

6. At about the same time as Julian is defeating the Germans, Helena is giving birth to their first child, a son. Describe the birth and the circumstances surrounding the occasion. How does Julian react when he learns what transpires.

7. What happens to Julian when he returns to Rome? What do you think drives Constantius to do what he does to Julian?

8. Once he is appointed Caesar, Julian is immediately sent to Gaul. Constantius surrounds him with spies and men loyal to the Augustus and does not give him much in the way of military or political support. How does Julian deal with this situation?

9. Julian says he longs to be an ordinary student. Name and describe the roles of at least three people who encourage his scholarly ambition.

10. How does Julian deal with his religious doubts, questions and qualms?

(see the answer keys)

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