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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In Gaul, Julian's army is plagued by:
(a) Smallpox.
(b) Desertion.
(c) Malaria.
(d) Snakes.

2. Eventually, Eusebia persuades Constantius to:
(a) Stop persecuting Christians.
(b) Overlook Julian's religious ambivalence.
(c) Allow Julian to visit his father's gravesite.
(d) Appoint Julian as Caesar.

3. During Julian's time in Gaul, Constantius is concerned about Julian because:
(a) Julian is prone to seizures.
(b) Julian is attracted to men with beards and may be gay.
(c) Julian's Christian faith is weak.
(d) Julian is a potential threat to Constantius' power.

4. Julian often bases his decisions on:
(a) His wife's recommendations.
(b) Tea leaf readings.
(c) Signs and omens.
(d) The advice of psychics.

5. While Julian is being initiated into the mysteries, hooded men hurl insults at him, calling him all of these things except:
(a) A coward.
(b) An elitist.
(c) A goat.
(d) A fraud.

Short Answer Questions

1. When Julian fights the Germans, he is required to carry into battle with him:

2. What aspect of Gallus' character is revealed by his treatment of Hilarius?

3. Julian desires to use his authority as Augustus to influence the Romans to restore:

4. Julian's attitude towards battle is:

5. All of the following are factors in the plot to kill Julian except:

Short Essay Questions

1. Julian first meets his cousin, Constantius, when he is 16. How does he prepare for the encounter and what is his reaction to the visit?

2. Once he is appointed Caesar, Julian is immediately sent to Gaul. Constantius surrounds him with spies and men loyal to the Augustus and does not give him much in the way of military or political support. How does Julian deal with this situation?

3. Describe Julian's relationship with his father. How does he know his father loves him?

4. Describe Julian's relationship with his brother, Gallus.

5. Why is Priscus reluctant to be involved with the writing/publishing of the Julian manuscript?

6. Julian says he longs to be an ordinary student. Name and describe the roles of at least three people who encourage his scholarly ambition.

7. Julian is gaining confidence and developing skill as a military leader. Cite evidence or his military skills and success at about this time (356-358).

8. Gallus and his wife, Constantia, appear to be cut from the same cloth. What do you learn about them and their tastes and habits?

9. Julian's friend Oribasius reminds him that he is in possession of a packet of instructions from Constantius and urges him to open the packet. What information is contained in the packet? How does Julian react to the information?

10. Julian states that his 47 days in Athens are the happiest days of his life. Why is Julian happy during his stay in Athens?

(see the answer keys)

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