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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Julian often interprets signs, omens and dreams:
(a) As indications that God is speaking to him.
(b) In ways that favor him.
(c) As proof that he is divine.
(d) As messages from his dead father.

2. Within the span of a few months, all of the following events occur except:
(a) Julian is dispatched to Gaul.
(b) Constantius names Julian as Caesar.
(c) Julian marries Helena.
(d) Macrina dies in childbirth.

3. Julian describes the people of Gaul as all of these except:
(a) Well groomed.
(b) Neatly dressed.
(c) Impoverished.
(d) Ready for battle.

4. St. Mammas is:
(a) A shepherd whose remains are thought to cure diseases.
(b) A priest who counsels Christians in Rome.
(c) A healer who ministeres to the sick and lame.
(d) An itinerant monk.

5. Constantius dies suddenly before Julian can:
(a) Arrest him.
(b) Hold him accountable for the brutalities of his regime.
(c) Dispatch his personal physician to cure him.
(d) Mount an attack against him.

Short Answer Questions

1. Gallus' wife, Constantia, eventually dies from:

2. Once Julian becomes Caesar, he demonstrates all these character qualities except:

3. After he becomes emperor, Julian again faces the threat of invasion along his borders. This time, the threat is from:

4. Julian desires to use his authority as Augustus to influence the Romans to restore:

5. Libanius plans to title his publication about Julian:

Short Essay Questions

1. Why does Libanius seek to publish a manuscript about Julian 20 years after his death?

2. Julian's first meeting with Constantius gives him a taste of the power and might of royalty. How does he react to this taste of power?

3. Julian's friend Oribasius reminds him that he is in possession of a packet of instructions from Constantius and urges him to open the packet. What information is contained in the packet? How does Julian react to the information?

4. Julian first meets his cousin, Constantius, when he is 16. How does he prepare for the encounter and what is his reaction to the visit?

5. Julian says he longs to be an ordinary student. Name and describe the roles of at least three people who encourage his scholarly ambition.

6. How does Julian deal with his religious doubts, questions and qualms?

7. Describe Gallus' feelings toward his brother Julian.

8. What do the letters of Priscus and Libanius reveal about the culture and customs that exist in Rome at the time of their correspondence?

9. In Chapter V, Gallus is named Caesar and marries Constantius's sister, Constantia. Do you think this is a coincidence? How do you explain these two almost simultaneous occurrences?

10. Julian marries Helena in 355. What is their relationship like? Why do you think the relationship is as it is?

(see the answer keys)

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