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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was President George W. Bush's emergency plan for combating AIDS?

2. Which 2004 report summarized the scientific community's concerns about bioterrorism?

3. Where do about 90% of malaria deaths occur in the world?

4. What was the 1918 flu epidemic commonly known as?

5. The use of which of the following pathogens shut down a major senate office building in 2001?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are two major diseases the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has put large amounts of money into developing vaccines for?

2. What is the interaction between tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS?

3. Who is considered one of the first creators of the vaccine, and what illness did this person discover the earliest form of the vaccine for?

4. What are some of the current world conditions Osterholm identifies as aiding the transmission of diseases?

5. What is one sometimes fatal reaction the human body has to microbes, especially in those with strong immune systems?

6. Which populations are most affected by malaria infections?

7. What was the deadliest pandemic of the modern era?

8. What is one of the main reasons Osterholm says it is quicker to produce drugs than vaccines?

9. Why was the Spanish Flu so named, even though it likely did not originate in Spain?

10. How was Osterholm personally affected by the AIDS epidemic?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

How do bacteriophages function when introduced into the human body? How could further research of, and use of, bacteriophages potentially help lessen the need for antibiotics in the future on a global level? Write an essay explaining your answers.

Essay Topic 2

What are some of the factors that Osterholm argues have to change in order for the world to have and execute an effective strategy for controlling mosquitoes, which are responsible for carrying pathogens that kill and sicken millions of people every year? Write an essay explaining your answers.

Essay Topic 3

What is contact tracing? How does it work, and what are some of the specific illnesses of the past several decades for which Osterholm argues its use was critical to managing outbreaks of? Write an essay explaining your answers, citing specific references to the text to help support your findings.

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