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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who created the polio vaccine?

2. What bestelling book did Richard Preston write in 1994?

3. In Chapter 5, where does Osterholm point out there are the most microbes in the human body?

4. What syndrome did Osterholm do extensive work on in the early 1980s?

5. In Chapter 8, who is considered one of the founders of vaccinations?

Short Essay Questions

1. What were the two relatively rare conditions doctors began seeing in patients at the outset of the AIDS epidemic?

2. What are two major diseases the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has put large amounts of money into developing vaccines for?

3. What is one sometimes fatal reaction the human body has to microbes, especially in those with strong immune systems?

4. Why was John Snow's work so important in the 1800s?

5. What is the interaction between tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS?

6. What was the deadliest pandemic of the modern era?

7. What did Osterholm try to emphasize for helping stop the spread of AIDS in the mid-1980s, as separate from vaccines?

8. What are some of the current world conditions Osterholm identifies as aiding the transmission of diseases?

9. How does Osterholm distinguish between a so-called good death and a bad death?

10. What is one of the reasons human are at a disadvantage to microbes?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

What were some of the significant mistakes public health officials made in the early days of the AIDS crisis, according to Osterholm? What are some of the decisions and ideas public health officials put into action in the early days of the AIDS crisis that Osterholm praises? Write an essay explaining your answers.

Essay Topic 2

Why are people living in some megacities around the world potentially more vulnerable to outbreaks caused by some pathogens that those living in more rural or less dense environments? Write an essay explaining your answers, citing specific references to the text.

Essay Topic 3

What are some of the reasons Osterholm puts forward to explain why new vaccine production takes so long, from start to finish? Write an essay explaining your answers.

(see the answer keys)

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