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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the abbreviation for the combination vaccine for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis?

2. Which creature is most responsible for spreading malaria?

3. Which of the following is widely used to grow vaccines?

4. What is one of the two metaphors Osterholm uses for fighting viruses throughout the book?

5. What is one aspect Osterholm identifies as favorable for virus transmission in his "current world conditions" category in Chapter 8?

Short Essay Questions

1. In the Introduction, what are the two metaphors for disease that Osterholm sets out for use throughout the book?

2. Why was Dr. Jonas Salk such a hero to so many parents in the 1950s?

3. What are two major diseases the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has put large amounts of money into developing vaccines for?

4. In Chapter 4, what does Osterholm reveal as what he thinks is the probable cause of the world's next pandemic?

5. What is one of the main reasons Osterholm says it is quicker to produce drugs than vaccines?

6. What is one of the reasons human are at a disadvantage to microbes?

7. Who is considered one of the first creators of the vaccine, and what illness did this person discover the earliest form of the vaccine for?

8. Why was the Spanish Flu so named, even though it likely did not originate in Spain?

9. In Osterholm's opinion, how do our influenza vaccines need to change?

10. What common product did Osterholm and his colleagues eventually trace the development of toxic shock syndrome to?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

In the Introduction, Osterholm writes that he has come to be known by some in the media as "Bad News Mike." Write an essay explaining why Osterholm earned this nickname, and explain how he views it himself.

Essay Topic 2

What was the major problem Dr. Scott Halstead identified in 2016 with a potential dengue fever vaccine, and why was the problem apparently unique to this disease? Write an essay explaining your answers, citing specific references to the text to help support your conclusions.

Essay Topic 3

Why are people living in some megacities around the world potentially more vulnerable to outbreaks caused by some pathogens that those living in more rural or less dense environments? Write an essay explaining your answers, citing specific references to the text.

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