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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The use of which of the following pathogens shut down a major senate office building in 2001?
(a) Measles.
(b) Smallpox.
(c) Mumps.
(d) Anthrax.

2. What does Osterholm say is the scariest means of transmission for a pathogen?
(a) Surfaces.
(b) Blood.
(c) Water.
(d) Lungs.

3. What flu strain does Osterholm call the grandfather of bird-flu viruses?
(a) H5N1.
(b) H5N3.
(c) H7N4.
(d) H1N1.

4. In Chapter 5, where does Osterholm point out there are the most microbes in the human body?
(a) The heart.
(b) The gut microbiome.
(c) The thigh muscle.
(d) The ear.

5. Which organization helped to fund the development of the polio vaccine?
(a) The St. Joseph's Fund.
(b) The Clean Air Fund.
(c) The March of Dimes.
(d) The Children's Hospital Fund.

6. Which Greek myth does Osterholm invoke in the beginning of Chapter 11?
(a) Pandora's Box.
(b) The Golden Fleece.
(c) Achilles's Heel.
(d) The Minotaur and the Labyrinth.

7. Which doctor does Osterholm begin Chapter 2 with a quote from?
(a) Dr. Richard Hauser.
(b) Dr. Jeanette Jenkins.
(c) Dr. Albert Schweitzer.
(d) Dr. Margaret Schweitzer.

8. What was the Supreme Court Ruling in the 1905 Jacobson v. Massachusetts case?
(a) All children who wanted to attend public school had to have the smallpox vaccine.
(b) All people who wanted to travel abroad had to have the smallpox vaccine first.
(c) The benefit of the smallpox vaccine to public health outweighed an individual's right to refuse the vaccine.
(d) Only children with religious exemptions could be allowed not to have the smallpox vaccine.

9. What is the abbreviation for the combination vaccine for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis?
(a) TDP.
(b) PTD.
(c) DTP.
(d) TPD.

10. What was the American infant mortality rate at the turn of the twentieth century?
(a) 60 - 70%.
(b) 20 - 30%.
(c) 10 - 20%.
(d) 40 - 50%.

11. Which 2004 report summarized the scientific community's concerns about bioterrorism?
(a) The Teller Report.
(b) The Morning Report.
(c) The Fink Report.
(d) The Starkum Report.

12. What is the serious condition that the Zika virus sometimes causes in babies?
(a) Paralysis.
(b) Epilepsy.
(c) Blindness.
(d) Microcephaly.

13. What was the average life-expectancy in the United States in the year 1900?
(a) 70 years.
(b) 62 years.
(c) 60 years.
(d) 48 years.

14. What type of pneumonia did doctors begin to see in early HIV/AIDS patients?
(a) Stases pneumonia.
(b) Complex pneumonia.
(c) Pneumocystis carinii.
(d) Marshall Island pneumonia.

15. What is one way in which a person's immune system can overreact to a pathogen?
(a) By producing too many red blood cells.
(b) By cutting back production of microbiome cells.
(c) By producing cancer cells.
(d) By producing a cytokine storm.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who was the George W. Bush-era Health and Human Services Secretary Osterholm has worked closely with?

2. What was the 1918 flu epidemic commonly known as?

3. Where did Osterholm grow up?

4. What is the United Nations' target date for ending the AIDS epidemic?

5. When did Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans?

(see the answer keys)

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