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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In 2014, how many air passengers flew between the United States and the rest of the world?
(a) 300 million.
(b) 186 million.
(c) 100 million.
(d) 50 million.

2. What was the American infant mortality rate at the turn of the twentieth century?
(a) 60 - 70%.
(b) 10 - 20%.
(c) 20 - 30%.
(d) 40 - 50%.

3. What is one of the main problems with the flu vaccine, according to Osterholm?
(a) It makes one's arm very sore.
(b) It can only be administered via a nasal spray.
(c) It changes every year.
(d) It is too expensive.

4. In Chapter 6, Osterholm emphasizes that anthrax is not which of the following kinds of diseases?
(a) Stable.
(b) Amorphous.
(c) Communicable.
(d) Hemorrhagic.

5. How does Osterholm refer to vaccinations?
(a) As the most significant advance by humans in the twentieth century.
(b) As the sharpest arrow in the public health quiver.
(c) As one rung on a ladder of protection.
(d) As not nearly as important as developing new antibiotics.

6. Which of the following is the title of an earlier book written by Osterholm that he refers to in Chapter 8?
(a) Finding the Cure.
(b) Pathogens of Pandemic Potential.
(c) Toxic Shock and its Aftermath.
(d) Living Terrors.

7. What prevents some people from finishing their doses of malaria medication?
(a) It has to be taken for one week.
(b) It has to be taken for one month.
(c) It has to be taken for three days.
(d) It has to be taken for two weeks.

8. The use of which of the following pathogens shut down a major senate office building in 2001?
(a) Measles.
(b) Smallpox.
(c) Anthrax.
(d) Mumps.

9. What brand of tampon turned out to be closely associated with cases of TSS in the 1980s?
(a) Rely.
(b) Assure.
(c) Protect.
(d) Be Free.

10. What turned out to be causing the diarrheal illness in Minnesota that Osterholm investigated in 1984?
(a) Bacteria from a peanut-processing plant.
(b) Pathogens on spinach.
(c) Pathogens on canteloupes.
(d) Bacteria in raw milk.

11. In what year was there a measles outbreak in Minnesota?
(a) 1985.
(b) 1991.
(c) 1998.
(d) 2000.

12. In Chapter 5, where does Osterholm point out there are the most microbes in the human body?
(a) The heart.
(b) The gut microbiome.
(c) The ear.
(d) The thigh muscle.

13. How much does Osterholm claim the worldwide pharmaceutical industry had in revenue in 2014?
(a) More than $1 billion.
(b) About $50 billion.
(c) About $500 billion.
(d) More than $1 trillion.

14. Who introduced the term "black swan event"?
(a) James Curtland.
(b) Nassim Nicholas.
(c) Edward Jenner.
(d) John Snow.

15. What are the unchanging features of a virus called?
(a) Conserved.
(b) Stalked.
(c) Static.
(d) Stable.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which organization helped to fund the development of the polio vaccine?

2. When did Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans?

3. Who was the head of the first meeting Osterholm attended about the HIV/AIDS epidemic, before doctors knew what they were dealing with?

4. Where do about 90% of malaria deaths occur in the world?

5. On whose program did the creator of the polio vaccine announce that he was not patenting the vaccine in 1955?

(see the answer keys)

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