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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Osterholm say is the average time from vaccine development to public availability?
(a) About 1 year.
(b) About 3 years.
(c) About 15 years.
(d) About 10 years.

2. What company did Bill Gates found?
(a) Apple.
(b) Facebook.
(c) Microsoft.
(d) Zoom.

3. Who introduced the term "black swan event"?
(a) John Snow.
(b) Edward Jenner.
(c) Nassim Nicholas.
(d) James Curtland.

4. In 2001, what was the name of the senate building that was shut down for months due to an anthrax contamination?
(a) The Chamber Senate Office Building.
(b) The Marshall Senate Office Building.
(c) The Hart Senate Office Building.
(d) The Carter Senate Office Building.

5. Which disease did the Gates Foundation take the lead in trying to eradicate?
(a) Dengue fever.
(b) Ebola.
(c) Polio.
(d) Yellow Fever.

6. About how much money is spent on AIDS vaccine research every year?
(a) About 100 million dollars.
(b) About one billion dollars.
(c) About 500 million dollars.
(d) About 10 million dollars.

7. Which creature is most responsible for spreading malaria?
(a) Bats.
(b) Rats.
(c) Mosquitoes.
(d) Cats.

8. Why did President Nixon curtail the American offensive bioprogram in 1969?
(a) His Secretary of Dense advised him to shut it down.
(b) He thought it cost too much.
(c) He thought his political opponents would use it against him.
(d) He thought it could not achieve any military advantage.

9. What does means of transmission mean in terms of viruses?
(a) The way viruses are taken over by other viruses.
(b) The way a virus is prevented by a vaccine.
(c) The way a virus dies.
(d) The way a virus gets from one place to another.

10. Which organization helped to fund the development of the polio vaccine?
(a) The March of Dimes.
(b) The St. Joseph's Fund.
(c) The Clean Air Fund.
(d) The Children's Hospital Fund.

11. What type of pneumonia did doctors begin to see in early HIV/AIDS patients?
(a) Pneumocystis carinii.
(b) Stases pneumonia.
(c) Complex pneumonia.
(d) Marshall Island pneumonia.

12. In Chapter 5, where does Osterholm point out there are the most microbes in the human body?
(a) The ear.
(b) The gut microbiome.
(c) The heart.
(d) The thigh muscle.

13. What was President George W. Bush's emergency plan for combating AIDS?
(a) PEPFAR.
(b) PENSIVE.
(c) LARGEN.
(d) MORTAT.

14. Which 2004 report summarized the scientific community's concerns about bioterrorism?
(a) The Morning Report.
(b) The Starkum Report.
(c) The Fink Report.
(d) The Teller Report.

15. The use of which of the following pathogens shut down a major senate office building in 2001?
(a) Measles.
(b) Smallpox.
(c) Mumps.
(d) Anthrax.

Short Answer Questions

1. In what year did the CDC recommended universal HIV screening?

2. What disease did Edward Jenner help discover the first means of vaccination for?

3. What prevents some people from finishing their doses of malaria medication?

4. How are vector-borne diseases spread?

5. What syndrome did Osterholm do extensive work on in the early 1980s?

(see the answer keys)

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