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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why do we need a new flu vaccine formula every year?
(a) Flu vaccine expires quickly.
(b) The scientists who formulate the new vaccine every year would be out of a job if they only had to do one vaccine every ten years.
(c) The pharmaceutical companies can not store enough vaccine for several years at a time.
(d) Flu viruses transmitted between humans are unstable, and they mutate easily.

2. Who was one of the first physicians to name and discover the SARS virus in 2003?
(a) Dr. Carlo Urbani.
(b) Dr. Hazim Nadim.
(c) Dr. Lou Chen.
(d) Dr. Karen Jenkins.

3. What type of antibiotic use on some large chicken farms in India is of particular concern for scientists studying the rise of drug-resistant microbes?
(a) The under-dosing of antibiotics for sick chickens.
(b) Antibiotic cocktails that combine the strong drug colistin with several others.
(c) The super-dosing of the strongest antibiotics we have.
(d) The off-label uses of antibiotics on chicken farms.

4. Who led President Obama's Ebola response effort?
(a) Joe Biden.
(b) Tommy Thompson.
(c) Tom Daschle.
(d) Ron Klain.

5. Which Florida Senator expressed alarm over mosquito-borne infections in the aftermath of the Zika outbreak?
(a) Marco Rubio.
(b) Rick Sanchez.
(c) Jeb Bush.
(d) Rick Scott.

6. Which advisor of Osterholm's does Osterholm remember as being particularly kind and empathetic towards him in Chapter 14?
(a) Dr. Anthony Fauci.
(b) Dr. William Hausler.
(c) Dr. Samuel Clemens.
(d) Dr. James Curran.

7. What happened to government interest in a SARS vaccine when the outbreak was contained by the summer of 2003?
(a) Interest in a vaccine shifted from government to philanthropic entities.
(b) It dwindled.
(c) Interest in a vaccine shifted from government to private sector stakeholders.
(d) It intensified.

8. What does Osterholm say is currently the most important vector-borne virus disease that affects humans?
(a) Cholera.
(b) Dengue.
(c) Ebola.
(d) MERS.

9. What is the title of the study former British Prime Minister David Cameron commissioned and mentioned to Barack Obama in 2016?
(a) Review on Antimicrobial Resistance.
(b) Review on Comorbidities in the Developing World.
(c) Review on Tropical Viruses.
(d) Review on Pathogens of Pandemic Potential.

10. Which organ did an American health care worker harbor Ebola virus in for quite a while after he had been cured of the disease?
(a) His eye.
(b) His liver.
(c) His kidney.
(d) His stomach.

11. What kind of creatures are mosquitos?
(a) Arachnids.
(b) Arthropods.
(c) Mammals.
(d) Amphibians.

12. Where do the mosquitoes that carried the illness that affected Osterholm's son in Chapter 14 usually live?
(a) Marshes.
(b) Deserts.
(c) Standing puddles.
(d) Tree holes.

13. Who is the National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland, named for?
(a) Dr. Walter Reed.
(b) Dr. E.G. Cummings.
(c) Dr. Gerald Heil.
(d) Dr. Arnold Ashe.

14. Where does Dr. Sean Wasserman worry there might be another yellow fever outbreak in the near future?
(a) Mali.
(b) Mongolia.
(c) Angola.
(d) Russia.

15. In Chapter 18, what does Osterholm name as the king of infectious diseases?
(a) Coronaviruses.
(b) Bacterial meningitis.
(c) Cholera.
(d) Influenza.

Short Answer Questions

1. When was Dengue first identified?

2. How long had researchers known about the Zika virus before the 2016 outbreak?

3. How did yellow fever get its name?

4. What kind of virus are both the MERS and SARS viruses?

5. In the 1918 flu epidemic, which population suffered a disproportionately high number of deaths?

(see the answer keys)

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