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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the problem with the vaccine for yellow fever?
(a) It can not be administered to people under the age of 25.
(b) It is far too expensive to be used widely.
(c) We do not have enough of it for those who would need it in a large-scale outbreak.
(d) It causes serious side effects.

2. Which organ did an American health care worker harbor Ebola virus in for quite a while after he had been cured of the disease?
(a) His liver.
(b) His kidney.
(c) His stomach.
(d) His eye.

3. What publication did Osterholm almost pull an op-ed he wrote about Zika from in 2016?
(a) The New York Times.
(b) The Guardian.
(c) The Washington Post.
(d) The Los Angeles Times.

4. What is a term meaning that a pathogen causes severe and fatal disease?
(a) Black-out potential.
(b) Stark mark.
(c) High-pathogenicity.
(d) Death-potential.

5. What type of antibiotic use on some large chicken farms in India is of particular concern for scientists studying the rise of drug-resistant microbes?
(a) The super-dosing of the strongest antibiotics we have.
(b) Antibiotic cocktails that combine the strong drug colistin with several others.
(c) The off-label uses of antibiotics on chicken farms.
(d) The under-dosing of antibiotics for sick chickens.

6. Where do the mosquitoes that carried the illness that affected Osterholm's son in Chapter 14 usually live?
(a) Marshes.
(b) Deserts.
(c) Tree holes.
(d) Standing puddles.

7. Which public health organization or government agency is in charge of mosquito control today, according to Osterholm?
(a) Health and Human Services.
(b) The Department of Agriculture.
(c) Not one.
(d) The Department of Homeland Security.

8. Osterholm notes in Chapter 17 that in his experience, what gets acted upon is related to which of the following?
(a) What scares enough people.
(b) What gets money.
(c) What gets counted.
(d) What gets the right person's attention.

9. Which doctor isolated the MERS virus in the 2012 outbreak?
(a) Dr. James Curran.
(b) Dr. Ali Mohammed Zaki.
(c) Dr. Carlo Urbani.
(d) Dr. Anne Schuchat.

10. What possibility about Ebola was Osterholm criticized for bringing up in a 2014 op-ed in the New York Times?
(a) That it could mutate to become more lethal to children.
(b) That it could mutate to become more lethal to middle-aged people.
(c) That it could mutate to become more lethal to older people.
(d) That it could mutate to become airborne.

11. Where did the 2012 outbreak of MERS seem to originate?
(a) Egypt.
(b) Israel.
(c) Saudi Arabia.
(d) Morocco.

12. Why do we need a new flu vaccine formula every year?
(a) The pharmaceutical companies can not store enough vaccine for several years at a time.
(b) The scientists who formulate the new vaccine every year would be out of a job if they only had to do one vaccine every ten years.
(c) Flu vaccine expires quickly.
(d) Flu viruses transmitted between humans are unstable, and they mutate easily.

13. Which doctor's six year-old daughter punctured her skin with a sewing needle and developed a massive infection in the 1930s?
(a) Dr. James Curran.
(b) Dr. Gerhard Domagk.
(c) Dr. Alexander Fleming.
(d) Dr. Edward Jenner.

14. What illness were doctors in cities along the Brazilian coast seeing a dramatic increase in in 2015?
(a) Guillain-Barre.
(b) Yellow fever.
(c) Marburg.
(d) Influenza.

15. In Chapter 17, which doctor does Osterholm identify as one of the first to demonstrate the importance of hand-washing?
(a) Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis.
(b) Dr. Marco Iqubal.
(c) Dr. Bronwyn Mawbry.
(d) Dr. Richard Siemmler.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which cave remained untouched by humans or animals for almost four million years, until its discovery in 1986?

2. Which doctor is widely credited with discovering the first antibiotics?

3. Who convened a panel of experts in 1965 to discuss whether new antibiotics were needed?

4. What is the title of the study former British Prime Minister David Cameron commissioned and mentioned to Barack Obama in 2016?

5. What kind of creatures are mosquitos?

(see the answer keys)

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