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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is it called when a net is dragged along the ocean floor?

2. Watertight ship holds with holes for circulating seawater to keep fish alive were called _____.

3. What are the fishing ground off the coast of Ireland called?

4. What Nova Scotia fish product was heavily salted on schooners, then dried on flakes along a rocky coastline?

5. What replaced nylon in gill nets?

Short Essay Questions

1. How were the Icelandic Coast Guard ships during the Cod Wars armed and manned?

2. How did navigation improve in fishing in the 17th century?

3. What were the Grandmother messages of 1928?

4. What happened to many British and German trawlers during the second Cod War?

5. Why did Icelandic Coast Guard vessels withstand enemy attacks in the second cod war?

6. Why was the British Royal Navy reluctant to send combat ships to deal with Iceland during the second Cod War?

7. What skills did fishermen learn in the wake of the imposition of 200-mile zones?

8. What did Halldór Laxness win the Nobel Prize for and why?

9. How is hákarl flesh processed and why?

10. Why did it take over seventy years for Europeans to convert their cod fishing fleets to engine power?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

How did the development of schooners change the cod fishing industry? Describe these ships. What other functions happened on board a schooner besides fishing? What races were developed from schooner technology? How were schooners integral to the Gorton's seafood company?

Essay Topic 2

What effect did the implementation of engine-powered trawlers have on the fishing industry? Describe these boats and their functions.

Essay Topic 3

What happened in the French and Indian War? How was cod trade affected by the outcome? Which French colonies were affected? How? What do they produce?

(see the answer keys)

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