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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. The first otter trawl was built in _____.

2. What was invented in the mid-19th century that was slow to catch on in the fishing industry?

3. Which British foreign secretary commented on the third Cod War saying that both sides have shown valor, but there was no need to show virility?

4. In the quota system, groundfish are killed being hauled up do to _____.

5. Watertight ship holds with holes for circulating seawater to keep fish alive were called _____.

Short Essay Questions

1. Why did Icelanders rejoice in the addition of the 12-mile limit zone around their country?

2. Why did Icelandic Coast Guard vessels withstand enemy attacks in the second cod war?

3. Why did President Harry Truman impose protected zones for American fisheries?

4. What were the Grandmother messages of 1928?

5. How did the Icelandic government finally curb the capacity of is own fishing fleet?

6. Why did it take over seventy years for Europeans to convert their cod fishing fleets to engine power?

7. How did navigation improve in fishing in the 17th century?

8. What is pair fishing?

9. What served as buoys and what were they used for in early cod fishing?

10. Why do fishermen have comparatively high accident rates?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

How did cod as a world food staple perpetuate slavery in the 17th century? Which countries were involved? What other industry was involved?

Essay Topic 2

Describe the role of the codfish in the culture of New England. How did the "codfish aristocracy" trace their family fortunes? Where does the codfish symbol appear in modern New England? What is the history of the odd symbol?

Essay Topic 3

Describe how Catholicism created a market for cod. Which holiday was instrumental in the creation of this market? Why? Who benefited from this market?

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