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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What color of the meat of a cod is the result of sluggish muscle tissue?

2. According to the author, what is the most notable sport the Basques are known for?

3. Where was the Puritan minister, Francis Higgenson, from?

4. What is the Anglo-Saxon word that means "a place that has salt"?

5. Who was murdered in the Icelandic fishing station of Grindavík in 1532?

Short Essay Questions

1. What happened in Grindavík, Iceland in 1532?

2. How did the Vikings survive the desolate landscapes of Greenland and Stoneland?

3. How did the Pilgrims finally become good at farming?

4. Why was the French salt tax particularly hated and what war did it become a grievance for?

5. What was John Smith's relationship to cod fishing?

6. How does Pacific cod compare to Atlantic cod?

7. Why do cod spawn so many eggs?

8. What happened when New Englanders become entrepreneurs? How did this conflict with the intent of the British Crown?

9. How did John Cabot and his brother die?

10. Where do the Basques live and how do they interpret their homeland?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Who implemented cod farming as a way to combat depleted catches? What are scientists' fears about cod farming today? What are the differences between cod and salmon farming? How is the constitution of a salmon different from that of a cod?

Essay Topic 2

Describe Boston's three-pointed trade situation in the development of the cod industry in New England. Which countries were involved? What products were traded? What system governed trade in New England? How did this help foster New England's economic growth?

Essay Topic 3

What were the beliefs of Thomas Henry Huxley? His beliefs were an extension of whose theories on nature? What affect did his beliefs have on the cod fishing industry?

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