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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to one theory, the Basques are thought to be the original _____.

2. Where were most explorers trying to get to in the 16th century?

3. "In gadiform fish, evolution is seen in the _____."

4. According to the author, what is the most notable sport the Basques are known for?

5. What is the air bladder of the cod used for in industry?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why did Bartholomew Gosnold return to Britain from his voyage in 1602?

2. Why did the Royal Fishery accountant, John Collins, publish a book on salt in 1682?

3. Why did the cod trade relationship between Britain and Portugal deteriorate in the 16th century?

4. How did the Vikings survive the desolate landscapes of Greenland and Stoneland?

5. What happened in Grindavík, Iceland in 1532?

6. Where do the Basques live and how do they interpret their homeland?

7. What type of ocean currents do cod prefer?

8. How did John Cabot and his brother die?

9. Why was the French salt tax particularly hated and what war did it become a grievance for?

10. How did Britain show flexibility in its colonialism with North America?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

How did cod as a world food staple perpetuate slavery in the 17th century? Which countries were involved? What other industry was involved?

Essay Topic 2

Describe how Catholicism created a market for cod. Which holiday was instrumental in the creation of this market? Why? Who benefited from this market?

Essay Topic 3

Describe Boston's three-pointed trade situation in the development of the cod industry in New England. Which countries were involved? What products were traded? What system governed trade in New England? How did this help foster New England's economic growth?

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