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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who believed that if Britain lost its Newfoundland fishing ships based in Plymouth alone, it would be the greatest blow the country has ever been given?

2. What is the throat of the cod called?

3. What commodity did Bartholomew Gosnold find in North America?

4. John Smith renamed _____ "New England".

5. Where was John Cabot born?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did the Vikings survive the desolate landscapes of Greenland and Stoneland?

2. How did Britain show flexibility in its colonialism with North America?

3. Why do cod spawn so many eggs?

4. Why were Thorwald and Erik the Red thrown out of Norway and what do they do after that?

5. How does Pacific cod compare to Atlantic cod?

6. How did John Cabot and his brother die?

7. Why were New Englanders first drawn to the Caribbean in terms of trade?

8. How did the Pilgrims finally become good at farming?

9. Where do the Basques live and how do they interpret their homeland?

10. Why did Bartholomew Gosnold return to Britain from his voyage in 1602?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Who implemented cod farming as a way to combat depleted catches? What are scientists' fears about cod farming today? What are the differences between cod and salmon farming? How is the constitution of a salmon different from that of a cod?

Essay Topic 2

Describe the role of the codfish in the culture of New England. How did the "codfish aristocracy" trace their family fortunes? Where does the codfish symbol appear in modern New England? What is the history of the odd symbol?

Essay Topic 3

What did Clarence Birdseye invent? What incident marked the beginning of his financial success? Which company was involved? What effect did his invention have on the cod fishing industry?

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