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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What are the best shore spaces for drying catch called?

2. What is the scientific name for cod?

3. What commodity did Bartholomew Gosnold find in North America?

4. According to the author, what is the most notable sport the Basques are known for?

5. Who backed Giovanni da Verrazzano on his travels?

Short Essay Questions

1. Where do the Basques live and how do they interpret their homeland?

2. Why did Bartholomew Gosnold return to Britain from his voyage in 1602?

3. Why is cod considered a fish that is easy to catch?

4. Why did the Royal Fishery accountant, John Collins, publish a book on salt in 1682?

5. What was John Smith's relationship to cod fishing?

6. Why did the cod trade relationship between Britain and Portugal deteriorate in the 16th century?

7. How did the Pilgrims finally become good at farming?

8. Why was the French salt tax particularly hated and what war did it become a grievance for?

9. Why were Thorwald and Erik the Red thrown out of Norway and what do they do after that?

10. What happened when New Englanders become entrepreneurs? How did this conflict with the intent of the British Crown?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

What happened in the French and Indian War? How was cod trade affected by the outcome? Which French colonies were affected? How? What do they produce?

Essay Topic 2

Describe the role of the codfish in the culture of New England. How did the "codfish aristocracy" trace their family fortunes? Where does the codfish symbol appear in modern New England? What is the history of the odd symbol?

Essay Topic 3

What did Clarence Birdseye invent? What incident marked the beginning of his financial success? Which company was involved? What effect did his invention have on the cod fishing industry?

(see the answer keys)

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