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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What do New Englanders call smaller thin-shelled quahogs?
(a) Mud bugs.
(b) Steamers.
(c) Barnacles.
(d) Sandies.

2. In 1598, with whom were the Catholics at war?
(a) The Huguenots.
(b) The Hussars.
(c) The Hanseatics.
(d) The Lutherans.

3. Where was the Puritan minister, Francis Higgenson, from?
(a) Plymouth.
(b) Gloucester.
(c) New York.
(d) Salem.

4. Who offered the English Puritans either Manhattan or Guiana as a place of refuge?
(a) The Dutch.
(b) The Italians.
(c) The French.
(d) The Germans.

5. Who was murdered in the Icelandic fishing station of Grindavík in 1532?
(a) John the Broad.
(b) John Cabot.
(c) Erik the Red.
(d) John Smith.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was the premier French fishing port in Newfoundland in the early 16th century?

2. According to one theory, the Basques are thought to be the original _____.

3. Jacques Cartier is credited for "discovering" the mouth of which river?

4. The colonial governor of New Amsterdam wrote of six-foot _____ in 1649.

5. 16th century salt was produced by _____.

Short Essay Questions

1. How did the Vikings survive the desolate landscapes of Greenland and Stoneland?

2. Why were New Englanders first drawn to the Caribbean in terms of trade?

3. How did John Cabot and his brother die?

4. What type of ocean currents do cod prefer?

5. How did the Basques become known for preserving cod?

6. What happened when New Englanders become entrepreneurs? How did this conflict with the intent of the British Crown?

7. Why did the Royal Fishery accountant, John Collins, publish a book on salt in 1682?

8. What happened in Grindavík, Iceland in 1532?

9. Why is cod considered a fish that is easy to catch?

10. How does Pacific cod compare to Atlantic cod?

(see the answer keys)

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