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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In 1944, Iceland negotiated full independence from _____.
(a) Canada.
(b) Denmark.
(c) Britain.
(d) France.

2. What was the forerunner of sonar?
(a) The phonometer.
(b) The sonometer.
(c) The echometer.
(d) The chronometer.

3. In the quota system, groundfish are killed being hauled up do to _____.
(a) Pressure changes.
(b) Oxygen depletion.
(c) Hypothermia.
(d) Hyperthermia.

4. What does the Dutch word "schrode" mean?
(a) Stick.
(b) Strip.
(c) Chip.
(d) Fish.

5. Who were infamous on the Grand Banks for the harshness of their working conditions?
(a) The Portuguese.
(b) The Spanish.
(c) The British.
(d) The French.

Short Answer Questions

1. By 1918, which Maine city was building steel-hulled trawlers?

2. What are the fishing ground off the coast of Ireland called?

3. Which mountain erupted in 1389 on Iceland?

4. The first otter trawl was built in _____.

5. Hákarl is the flesh of a large _____.

Short Essay Questions

1. What is pair fishing?

2. Why do fishermen have comparatively high accident rates?

3. How did navigation improve in fishing in the 17th century?

4. What effect did the term "scrod" have on consumer's perspective on fish?

5. How did the British respond to being asked to change their preference for fried cod as the cod catch continued to decline?

6. Why did President Harry Truman impose protected zones for American fisheries?

7. Why did Icelandic Coast Guard vessels withstand enemy attacks in the second cod war?

8. What served as buoys and what were they used for in early cod fishing?

9. What did Halldór Laxness win the Nobel Prize for and why?

10. How did the invention of filleting machinery change New England's cod fishing industry?

(see the answer keys)

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