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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. One-third of the Iceland town of Heimaey was destroyed by _____ in 1973?
(a) A fire.
(b) A hurricane.
(c) A volcanic eruption.
(d) Floods.

2. Who was the longtime director of Iceland's Marine Research Institute and one of the negotiators during the third Cod War?
(a) Erik Grindavík.
(b) Thor Thorsson.
(c) Leif Marksson.
(d) Jon Jonsson.

3. Who returned to Iceland in 1964 and was astounded by its transformation?
(a) Pablo Picasso.
(b) Henry David Thoreau.
(c) Erik Eriksson.
(d) W. H. Auden.

4. Which London newspaper reported that the Icelanders were very difficult to deal with in the third Cod War?
(a) The Guardian.
(b) The Times.
(c) The Daily Mirror.
(d) The Financial Times.

5. Which British foreign secretary commented on the third Cod War saying that both sides have shown valor, but there was no need to show virility?
(a) James Callaghan.
(b) David Miliband.
(c) Anthony Crosland.
(d) Robin Cook.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which American President issued a proclamation stating that the U.S. had the right to control mineral resources on its continental shelf?

2. Which rich fishing region was considered the laboratory for cod fishing innovation?

3. What fish was pointed out by the European Economic Community to be abundant off the coast of Scotland?

4. What Nova Scotia fish product was heavily salted on schooners, then dried on flakes along a rocky coastline?

5. "Clipper schooners" carried a lot of sail. Why were they dangerous?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why do fishermen have comparatively high accident rates?

2. What did Halldór Laxness win the Nobel Prize for and why?

3. What served as buoys and what were they used for in early cod fishing?

4. How is hákarl flesh processed and why?

5. What skills did fishermen learn in the wake of the imposition of 200-mile zones?

6. What is pair fishing?

7. Why did President Harry Truman impose protected zones for American fisheries?

8. How did navigation improve in fishing in the 17th century?

9. Why was the British Royal Navy reluctant to send combat ships to deal with Iceland during the second Cod War?

10. Describe how gill nets are used.

(see the answer keys)

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