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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In an otter trawl, the bottom opening is maintained by a chain made more mobile by metal _____.
(a) Levers.
(b) Bobbins.
(c) Casings.
(d) Wheels.

2. In 1944, Iceland negotiated full independence from _____.
(a) Canada.
(b) France.
(c) Denmark.
(d) Britain.

3. What were the French fishing fleets called?
(a) Terre-Neuve.
(b) Jette-beaux.
(c) Bateaux Royales.
(d) Poisson de la Mer.

4. Equipment that waits for the fish is called _____.
(a) Passive gear.
(b) Comstocks.
(c) Diggers.
(d) Dead netting.

5. The first otter trawl was built in _____.
(a) Scotland.
(b) Iceland.
(c) Newfoundland.
(d) Ireland.

Short Answer Questions

1. What were thick rubber gloves with cotton lining that fishermen wore called?

2. The Cod Wars started in the middle of what other war?

3. In 1995, a system was initiated to restrict the total cod catch to _____ percent of the estimated stock.

4. What 1901 convention establishing the three-mile limit was nullified in 1944?

5. What replaced nylon in gill nets?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why did Icelandic Coast Guard vessels withstand enemy attacks in the second cod war?

2. Describe how gill nets are used.

3. What effect did the term "scrod" have on consumer's perspective on fish?

4. Why was the British Royal Navy reluctant to send combat ships to deal with Iceland during the second Cod War?

5. What happened to many British and German trawlers during the second Cod War?

6. What served as buoys and what were they used for in early cod fishing?

7. How were the Icelandic Coast Guard ships during the Cod Wars armed and manned?

8. How did navigation improve in fishing in the 17th century?

9. What were the Grandmother messages of 1928?

10. What is pair fishing?

(see the answer keys)

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