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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In 1944, Iceland negotiated full independence from _____.
(a) Canada.
(b) Denmark.
(c) France.
(d) Britain.

2. What is it called when a net is dragged along the ocean floor?
(a) Bottom trawling.
(b) Deep sounding.
(c) Crabbing.
(d) Skim dragging.

3. In 1881, a shipyard in Hull built a steam-powered trawler called the _____.
(a) Insomniac.
(b) Zodiac.
(c) Card Shark.
(d) The Merry Widow.

4. In 1995, a system was initiated to restrict the total cod catch to _____ percent of the estimated stock.
(a) 75.
(b) 50.
(c) 10.
(d) 25.

5. Johann Sigurjonsson is _____ of the Marine Research Institute in Iceland.
(a) Lead scientist.
(b) Operations manager.
(c) Director.
(d) Deputy director.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which mountain erupted in 1389 on Iceland?

2. Who returned to Iceland in 1964 and was astounded by its transformation?

3. The 19th-century debate over longlining seemed to have been fueled by _____.

4. A ship with onboard fish processing is called a _____.

5. What does the Dutch word "schrode" mean?

Short Essay Questions

1. How is hákarl flesh processed and why?

2. How did the invention of filleting machinery change New England's cod fishing industry?

3. Why did President Harry Truman impose protected zones for American fisheries?

4. Why did it take over seventy years for Europeans to convert their cod fishing fleets to engine power?

5. What did Halldór Laxness win the Nobel Prize for and why?

6. What is pair fishing?

7. Describe how gill nets are used.

8. What skills did fishermen learn in the wake of the imposition of 200-mile zones?

9. Why do fishermen have comparatively high accident rates?

10. How did navigation improve in fishing in the 17th century?

(see the answer keys)

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