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Pier

This is a symbol that Diangelo creates to help whites understand the underlying framework of meaning relevant to their internalizations about race and racism. The top of this visual aid signifies the surface aspect of whites' claims away from responsibility. The object is not floating, but propped up by a structure submerged under the water.

Karen's White Fragility

At the beginning of Chapter 8, Diangelo describes a situation in which she was coaching a group of white employees on racism in the workplace. One woman got upset when she was challenged, and claimed that she would stop talking, therefore highlighting her own white fragility.

1960s March on Washington

Diangelo often makes reference to this national protest that occurred in 1964 in Washington D.C. to talk about how white people -- especially those who participated in the event -- try to mask and justify their complicity in racism.

#OscarsSoWhite

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