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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What policy did Rostow support in Vietnam?
(a) Battleship diplomacy.
(b) An appeasement policy.
(c) A policy of rapprochement.
(d) An aggressive anti-Communist policy.

2. What was the logic behind the U.S.'s actions after the 1961 fact-finding mission?
(a) Wait for the Vietnamese elections.
(b) Further delay would defuse the situation.
(c) Inaction would allow trade to develop.
(d) A show of force would intimidate the Vietcong.

3. Who was named to head the U.S. command in Saigon in January 1962?
(a) Paul Harkins.
(b) Chester Bowles.
(c) Maxwell Taylor.
(d) Robert McNamara.

4. What state does Halberstam say the Vietcong were in when Kennedy sent the fact-finding mission in 1961?
(a) They were fragmented and plagued with in-fighting.
(b) They were using guerilla tactics ineffectively.
(c) They had opposition in the civilian populace.
(d) They were committed and had good leadership.

5. Whom did Kennedy want to act as Secretary of State?
(a) Adlai Stevenson.
(b) He was going to act as his own Secretary of State.
(c) Chester Bowles.
(d) He was going to abolish the position of Secretary of State.

Short Answer Questions

1. What position had Robert Lovett been appointed to in 1947?

2. Why didn't Kennedy offer the position of Secretary of State to J. William Fulbright?

3. What did Kennedy ask Chester Bowles for advice on?

4. What does Halberstam say marked the end of the generals' faith in Diem?

5. What does Halberstam say was Robert McNamara's role in the White House policy discussions?

Short Essay Questions

1. What kind of reports does Halberstam say the U.S. got from Vietnam?

2. Describe the confrontation in Laos.

3. Who was Robert A. Lovett, and what does Halberstam say he signified for Kennedy?

4. Describe U.S. engagements in Vietnam in the 1950s.

5. What three plans does Halberstam say the U.S. was considering in Vietnam in 1961?

6. What was McNamara's stance with regard to nuclear weapons?

7. What did Kennedy's representatives report back after their 1961 fact-finding mission?

8. How did the meeting between Lovett and Kennedy play in the press?

9. Why did Diem and the U.S. end up working together?

10. How did the fall of China and the Cold War affect the Kennedy administration?

(see the answer keys)

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