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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did the report that came out of the fact-finding trip to Vietnam in early 1965 ultimately advocate?
(a) Troops on the ground.
(b) Reprisals against the Vietcong.
(c) Bombing.
(d) Diplomatic efforts.

2. What did Johnson say he needed before they could move against the North?
(a) Bipartisan support.
(b) Success in the Mekong delta.
(c) A stable government in the South.
(d) Success around Saigon.

3. What event does Halberstam say triggered bombing operations against the North?
(a) A North Vietnamese attack on American B-57 bombers.
(b) The Bay of Pigs invasion.
(c) The Gulf of Tonkin Incident.
(d) A North Vietnamese success in the Mekong Delta.

4. What does Halberstam say became clear by the time Rolling Thunder had been in effect for six weeks?
(a) That it was only a matter of time until Hanoi capitulated.
(b) That Rolling Thunder was not going to make Hanoi capitulate.
(c) That Rolling Thunder was not breaking the North's resistance.
(d) That Rolling Thunder was breaking the Vietcong supply routes.

5. Who did President Johnson send to Vietnam to investigate the situation there?
(a) Maxwell Taylor.
(b) General Westmoreland.
(c) General Harkin.
(d) General Johnson.

6. What kind of problem does Halberstam say the cost of the war caused for the Johnson administration?
(a) Moral problems.
(b) Budget problems.
(c) Disclosure problems.
(d) Public relations problems.

7. Who was the only administration insider arguing against escalation?
(a) George Ball.
(b) McGeorge Bundy.
(c) Averell Harriman.
(d) Maxwell Taylor.

8. What does Halberstam say the administration had led the American people to believe about the war?
(a) That it would not be a large war.
(b) That international consensus would build in support of America's actions.
(c) That the war would pay for itself.
(d) That American air power would win the war quickly.

9. What problem does Halberstam say Maxwell Taylor had in Vietnam?
(a) Taylor could not convince his superiors that conditions were bad.
(b) Taylor could not understand how the Vietcong withstood the bombings.
(c) Taylor could not get honest reporting.
(d) Taylor could not control things like he had elsewhere.

10. What was McNamara beginning to suspect in Vietnam?
(a) The capacity for victory in a guerilla war.
(b) The accuracy of bleak military reports.
(c) Diem's trustworthiness.
(d) The patience of the American electorate.

11. What does Halberstam say was the result of Johnson's method of planning for the war?
(a) He missed opportunities to let his generals take actions that might have been decisive.
(b) He often took the most effective actions.
(c) He was compelled to water down his plans to accommodate his advisers' pet projects.
(d) He never raised taxes to pay for the war.

12. Who does Halberstam say remained loyal to Diem when the coup began?
(a) The southern part of the country.
(b) The Palace Guard.
(c) The merchants.
(d) The people.

13. Who tipped off Senator Wayne Morse about the real situation of the Gulf of Tonkin incident?
(a) General Westmoreland.
(b) McGeorge Bundy.
(c) An anonymous caller.
(d) President Johnson.

14. What does Halberstam say was the military's opinion after the start of Rolling Thunder?
(a) The military wanted to keep experimenting with saturation bombing techniques.
(b) The military thought the war would last six months.
(c) The military expected the campaign to bring victory in 3-5 years.
(d) The military predicted a war of attrition.

15. What plan was the U.S. government preparing for by the end of 1964?
(a) Strike directly against China.
(b) Have Cambodia and Laos intervene.
(c) Have the South take military action against the North.
(d) Bring in a coalition of forces against the Vietcong.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Hanoi do in response to U.S. war games in the South?

2. Who oversaw domestic operations of the operation code named 34A?

3. When did the Spring offensive start in Vietnam?

4. In what way does Halberstam say that Lyndon Johnson resembled Kennedy in his management style?

5. What was Paul Kattenburg's view of the war, in early 1964?

(see the answer keys)

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