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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Hebdige say about the idea of language?

2. Which of the following states does Hebdige say "signification expresses ideas" in?

3. Of the following, which can be used as a symbol of style?

4. Hebdige begins the book by citing the ideas of what author?

5. What does Hebdige say is an attribute of style?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Hebdige say about the straightforward style?

2. What does Hebdige conclude about style and how that may have been the cause of the tension between the 70's Teddy Boys and Punks?

3. How does Hebdige say Punkers' desire to be different sometimes affects them?

4. What is Hebdige's thought on Skinheads and how they portray a masculine outlook?

5. In your opinion, how does the content of this book affect present day society in America?

6. According to Chapter 6, what is the relationship between the mass culture and subcultures?

7. In what way does Hebdige describe style as being cyclical?

8. Who does Hebdige say has a major affect on defining subcultures to the public?

9. What conclusion does Hebdige finally come to about style?

10. What does Hebdige say about the Punk subculture and how it outwardly expresses its views?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The author says that subcultures represent a "culture of conspicuous consumption." What specific examples did he give to support this notion with regard to the 1950's Teddy Boys and Punk. (i.e. bricolage, sexuality, music, dance, journalism, law)

Essay Topic 2

How does the author describe the media's affect on how the public views the Punk subculture? Give specific examples of ways the media can affect the subculture both positively and negatively.

Essay Topic 3

Give specific examples of how the dominant culture seeks to exert control over subcultures (e.g. style - signs and signifiers).

(see the answer keys)

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