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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What group believed happiness is the enjoyment of pleasure and the avoidance of pain?
(a) Greek's.
(b) French.
(c) Epicureans.
(d) Roman's.

2. What are external goods merely considered to be by Cicero?
(a) Unpreferables.
(b) Preferables.
(c) Necessary to happiness.
(d) Indifferents.

3. Why is statesmanship destroyed, according to "On Duties"?
(a) Because no one desires it anymore.
(b) Because the opportunities of statesmanship are destroyed.
(c) Caesar eliminates its possibility to continue.
(d) It isn't destroyed.

4. How does Cicero perceive philosophy under tyranny rule?
(a) It is a necessity.
(b) It is overlooked.
(c) It is complicated.
(d) It is a luxury.

5. According to Cicero, what will inspire hatred in a ruler's subjects?
(a) One without promise.
(b) One that's selfish.
(c) One without virtue.
(d) One that is unforgiving.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Cicero, in "On Duties," what does he feel is more effective in inspiring confidence?

2. What does happiness necessarily require, according to Cicero?

3. What are the third and fourth principles concerned with, in "On Duties"?

4. What prevented a person from being happy, according to Cicero?

5. What does Grant state Cicero was excellent at doing?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe what Cicero insinuated about Caesar, in "On Duties".

2. Of those listed in the introduction, what were some of the opinions the various author's had of Cicero?

3. How did Cicero define the 'recipe' to obtain a stable regime in "On Duties"?

4. Describe why Cicero worried about the Roman republic.

5. What is the setting of "Discussions at Tusculum"?

6. What does Discussions at Tusculum discuss?

7. When did Cicero write most of his works?

8. What three things did Cicero argue moral goodness is comprised of?

9. What is the importance of stability in external goods, according to "Discussions at Tusculum"?

10. What did the Epicureans believe happiness was?

(see the answer keys)

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