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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. After Gallus is named Caesar, Libanius goes to Gallus' home and observes:
(a) A marital dispute.
(b) A flogging.
(c) A lavish feast.
(d) A brutal boxing match.

2. As Julian becomes more self confident and assertive, Constantius does all of these things except:
(a) Try to curb his authority.
(b) Keep his army small and weak.
(c) Place spies around him.
(d) Call him back to Rome regularly.

3. Constantius seems unsure about how to treat Julian, and the first thing he does is:
(a) Order him to swear an oath of allegiance to Constantius.
(b) Forbid him from visiting Eusebia.
(c) Order him to perform community service.
(d) Place him under house arrest.

4. Within the span of a few months, all of the following events occur except:
(a) Constantius names Julian as Caesar.
(b) Julian is dispatched to Gaul.
(c) Macrina dies in childbirth.
(d) Julian marries Helena.

5. Julian notes that Constantius inspires all of these emotions in his subjects expect:
(a) Fear.
(b) Contempt.
(c) Admiration.
(d) Awe.

Short Answer Questions

1. Hilarius is:

2. The person Julian calls "the Galilean" is:

3. Gallus' wife, Constantia, eventually dies from:

4. Gallus marries Constantius' sister, named ____.

5. In Gaul, Julian's army is plagued by:

Short Essay Questions

1. What happens to Julian when he returns to Rome? What do you think drives Constantius to do what he does to Julian?

2. Julian states that his 47 days in Athens are the happiest days of his life. Why is Julian happy during his stay in Athens?

3. Julian insists that his brother is led astray by Constantia. Do you think this is true? What evidence can you cite to support your answer?

4. On numerous occasions, Julian ignores, forgives or excuses his brother's vile behavior. Why do you think he does this?

5. The seeds of Julian's religious conflict are also sown in chapter two. What memories indicate that Julian experiences doubts, questions and great interest in things metaphysical as a youngster?

6. What does Gallus' treatment of Hilarius show about his character? What does Julian's reaction to the Hilarius incident reveal about his character?

7. Julian meets Macrina and her uncle, Prohaeresius, while he is in Athens. What role do these two individuals play in Julian's life?

8. In Chapter V, Gallus is named Caesar and marries Constantius's sister, Constantia. Do you think this is a coincidence? How do you explain these two almost simultaneous occurrences?

9. Julian often claims that he dislikes the ritual, etiquette and intrigue of the royal court, that he does not seek to acquire rank or power, and that he longs only to become a scholar. Do you think this is true? Give evidence for your answer/

10. Once he is appointed Caesar, Julian is immediately sent to Gaul. Constantius surrounds him with spies and men loyal to the Augustus and does not give him much in the way of military or political support. How does Julian deal with this situation?

(see the answer keys)

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