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The Madurese originate from the 5,304 square kilometer island of Madura, which is part of Indonesia's East Java province. There are about 10 million Madurese, making them the third-largest ethnic group in Indonesia after the Javanes...
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In 1992, Mae C. Jemison (born 1956) became the first African American woman to travel in space. Mae C. Jemison had received two undergraduate degrees and a medical degree, had served two years as a Peace Corps medical officer in West Afric...
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Mae West (1893-1980) played the sultry, provocative woman in numerous popular films and plays. Her sexuality and off-color comments made her films and plays the frequent target of censors. West also wrote and produced several plays and rec...
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fl. 1200s Venetian merchant and trader who made several extended trips into central Asia to the court of Kublai Khan. He made the first trip, 1253-1269, with his brother Niccoló; the second, 1271-1295, with Niccoló and Niccol...
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Igneous rocks are classified by geologists using various schemes. One of the several schemes based on chemical composition divides igneous rocks into four categories according to silica (silicon dioxide, SiO2) content: (1) Rocks containing...
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Before the nineteenth century, few Americans read newspapers or magazines or engaged in public entertainment. By 1900, scheduled sporting, entertainment, and mass cultural events had become commonplace in the United States, and there was a...
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A magic cube is a three-dimensional (or higher dimensional) analogue of a magic square. Specifically, an order n magic cube is an n x n x n array of numbers chosen from the set {1,2,...,n3} so that each number appears exactly once and the ...
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Joining the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association in 1979, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, Jr. (born 1959) became one of basketball's most popular stars. In November 1991, Magic Johnson stunned the sportsworld with his announce...
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More than twenty-five hundred years ago, intellectuals from many cultures began to experiment with image projection in their attempts to understand the relationship between the mechanics of the human eye and the physical principles of lig...
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A magic square is an n x n grid in which numbers have been written in such a way that the sum of the numbers along any row, column, or main diagonal is always the same magic constant. In a pure magic square, the numbers in the grid must be...
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In geology, magma refers to molten rock deep within Earth that consists of liquids, gases, and particles of rocks and crystals. Magma has been observed in the form of hot lava and the various rocks made from the solidification of magma. Ge...
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A magma chamber is a reservoir of molten rock that is the source of lava in a volcanic eruption. Magma chambers are typically located a few kilometers below the surface. A magma chamber is created by a mantle plume, or upwelling of heat fr...
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Magnesium is the second element in Group 2 of the periodic table, a group of elements known as the alkaline earth metals. Magnesium has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 24.305, and a chemical symbol of Mg. Magnesium is a moderate...
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Magnesium Chloride Overview Magnesium chloride (mag-NEE-zee-um KLOR-ide) is a white crystalline solid that is strongly deliquescent. It absorbs moisture from the air to become the hydrated form, magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2·...
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Magnesium Hydroxide Overview Magnesium hydroxide (mag-NEE-zee-um hye-DROK-side) is a white powder with no odor, found in nature as the mineral brucite. Perhaps the best known form of the compound is a milky liquid known as milk of magnesia,...
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Magnesium Oxide Overview Magnesium oxide (mag-NEE-see-um OK-side) is available commercially in several forms, depending on the way it is prepared and the use for which it is intended. Most forms can be classified as either "light...
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Magnesium Silicate Hydroxide Overview Magnesium silicate hydroxide (mag-NEE-zee-um SILL-uhkate hye-DROK-side) is also known as hydrated magnesium silicate, hydrous magnesium silicate, magnesium silicate hydrous, talc, talcum, and soapstone....
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Magnesium Sulfate Overview Magnesium sulfate (mag-NEE-zee-um SUL-fate) occurs as the anhydrous salt and in a number of hydrated forms, including MgSO4·H2O, MgSO4·4H2O, MgSO4·5H2O, MgSO4·6H2O, and MgSO4·7H2...
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Many people do not realize that there are several different "north poles." The most familiar is the north geographic pole. The north magnetic pole is not the same as the north geographic pole. It is the point on Earth'...
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Sometime before the fourth century B.C. the Chinese noticed that certain minerals, properly prepared, always pointed to the south. The mineral was magnetite, commonly called lodestone, and it was made into what the Chinese called a ...
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Magnetic-core memory (often called simply "core memory") is a class of computer memory devices, which consists of a series of small doughnut-shaped masses of hard ferromagnetic material strung on a wire matrix that can be magnetized in eit...
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Earth acts as though it were a huge dipole magnet with the positive and negative poles near the North and South Poles. This does not mean that Earth is literally a dipole magnet—there are too many variations in the field—but ...
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Magnetic flux describes the lines of a magnetic field emanating from, and in the region of space surrounding, a magnetized object. Quantitatively, magnetic flux describes the magnetic field lines of force that traverse a given cross-sectio...
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Fusion is a nuclear process in which two atoms are combined to create a different atom (and some by-products). Magnetic confinement fusion uses a magnetic field to compress and heat gases into the plasma state so that fusion can take place...
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The term "maglev" was coined by Howard Coffey in the 1970s as a shortened form of "magnetic levitation" for transportation. One dictionary defines maglev as "having to do with a railroad system using magnets to float a swiftly moving tr...
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Any current circulating in a planar loop produces a magnetic moment whose magnitude is equal to the product of the current and the area of the loop. When any charged particle is rotating, it behaves like a current loop with a magnetic mome...
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical technique which utilizes a magnetic field and the natural resonance of atoms to provide an image of human tissue. While the foundation for its development first took place in the late 1930s, it...
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the application of nuclear magnetic resonance to produce images. MRI is now a common, though relatively expensive, diagnostic technique. MRI images can be very detailed and informative and the technique ...
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Magnetic recording is the technique of storing electric signals as a magnetic pattern on a moving magnetic surface. The concept of recording sound on magnetic tape--and thus the principle of the tape recorder--was worked out theoretically ...
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A magnetic stripe card is a card (e.g., a credit card) that contains a stripe of magnetically-encoded data. These cards are paired with readers and writers, and are used in a wide variety of applications for storing information. Most iden...
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In addition to the storage of data on a computer's hard drive or on a server, the storage of a copy of the data on a removable media is prudent strategy. In the event of the computer's failure or destruction, the data is safe for subsequen...
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What is magnetism and how is it useful? In order to give a clear explanation, some background information must be known. The word magnetism comes from the ancient Greek name for certain naturally occurring iron oxide stones called loadsto...
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Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is a promising technology for electric bulk power generation. MHD is accomplished by forcing an electrically conducting fluid or a plasma through a channel with a magnetic field applied across it and electrodes p...
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A magnetometer measures the strength and direction of a magnetic field. The first magnetometers were mechanical devices that had a spring-loaded magnet which moved in relation to an external magnetic field. The greater the movement, the gr...
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Magnetotactic bacteria are bacteria that use the magnetic field of Earth to orient themselves. This phenomenon is known as magnetotaxis. Magnetotaxis is another means by which bacteria can actively respond to their environment. Response to...
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"They were seven—and they fought like seven hundred!" screamed the posters for this 1960 western film, which spawned a number of sequels and helped launch the careers of Steve McQueen, James Coburn, and Charles Bronson...
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The 1980s CBS television series Magnum, P.I. was created to take advantage of the Hawaiian facilities built by CBS to produce Hawaii 5-0. On the surface, Magnum was a standard private eye drama, starring preternaturally handsome Tom Sellec...
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(2002 est. pop. 4.7 million). Magwe (Magway) Division, located in the central dry zone of Myanmar (Burma), has an area of 44,820 square kilometers. The town of Magwe, 530 kilometers from the national capital of Yangon (Rangoon), is its cap...
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Throughout her celebrated career, gospel singer Mahalia Jackson (1911-1972) used her rich, forceful voice and inspiring interpretations of spirituals to move audiences around the world to tears of joy. In the early days, as a soloist and m...
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The term mahalla is used by Uzbeks. It originated in Arabic and translates as encampment, neighborhood, or community. The term guzar is often used in place of mahalla among the Tajiks living in Uzbekistan; the term avlod is used by Tajiks ...
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The Mahanadi River, 89 kilometers long, is known as one of the "great rivers" of India, crossing the state of Orissa and cutting through the Eastern Ghats by way of a gorge some 50 kilomenters long. The Mahanadi's catc...
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(2002 est. pop. 98.6 million). Maharashtra, the third largest state of the Indian Union in terms of area and population, lies on the west coast of India facing the Arabian Sea. The state shares its boundary with Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, An...
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The Indian guru Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (born ca. 1911) came to the West as a missionary of traditional Indian thought in popular form and founded the Transcendental Meditation Movement, which reached its height of popularity in the 1960s an...
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Despite a controversial career in politics, Datuk Seri Mahathir bin Mohamad (born 1925) became prime minister of Malaysia in 1981 and then won four consecutive elections. He is listed as the 41st oldest office-holders among the worldwide l...
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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869-1948) was an Indian revolutionary religious leader who used his religious power for political and social reform. Although he held no governmental office, he was the prime mover in the struggle for independe...
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Vardhamana Mahavira (599 BC-527 BC), called the Jina, was an Indian ascetic philosopher and the principal founder of Jainism--one of the major religions of the Indian subcontinent. Vardhamana Mahavira was born in northern India during the ...
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Buddhism: Mahayana Buddhism FOUNDED: c. 200 C.E. RELIGIONAS AS A PERCENTAGE OF WORLD POPULATION: 3.2 percent Overview Mahayana (Grand Method) Buddhism began in India as a movement to address issues that had arisen in the existing tradition...
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The monumental Sanskrit poem the Mahabharata, attributed to the legendary poet-seer Krsna Dvaipayana Vyasa (fifth century? BCE), although perhaps not the oldest epic poem to have survived from antiquity, is certainly the longest and undoub...
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Mah-Jongg, an ancient gambling game which originated among the Chinese ruling class over 2000 years ago, gained widespread popularity in the United States from the 1930s, particularly as a leisure pastime among American Jewish women. Recog...
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Mahlon Hoagland is best known for discovering, in the 1950s, that ribonucleic acid ( RNA) molecules in the cytoplasm retrieve specific amino acids and take them to the ribosomes for assembly into proteins. Hoagland was born in Boston, the ...
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