Game theory provides ways to understand and predict behavior in situations where participants are driven by goals. Developed by John von Neumann (1903-1959) and Oskar Morgenstern (1902-1977), game theory reveals patterns of advantage for ...

A gamete is a sexual reproductive cell such as a sperm or an egg that must fuse with another gamete to produce a zygote, and eventually, a new organism. Gametes are typically haploid (1N), containing only half the number of the chromosomes...

A gametophyte, or gamete-bearing plant, is one of the two multicellular phases that occur in alternation of generations. The gametophyte is the haploid phase; that is, its cells contain only one set of chromosomes, in contrast to the sporo...

A gamma function is the solution to a specific integral. It is useful for physical applications and has very little theoretical interest value for mathematicians. It is occasionally also related to the "error functions." Its simplest expre...

Gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclo-hexane Overview Gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (GAM-uh one two three four five six HEK-sa-KLOR-oh-SYE-kloh-HEK-sane) exists in four isomeric forms. Isomers are two or more forms of a chemical compo...

After work, Patricia White went to a birthday party for her boss. While she was leaving, a colleague named Feal offered her a cup of "water" and the only thing she could remember after that was waking up naked in Feal's bed. Patricia Whit...

SGAM PO PA (GAMPOPA). Sgam po pa Bsod nams rin chen (Gampopa Sönam Rinchen, 1079–1153), also known as Dvags po lha rje, "the doctor from Dvags po," was the figure most responsible for systematizing the doctrines...

Gandan lamasery, nestled in the modern city of Ulaanbatar, is the seat of Mongolian Buddhism and the largest monastery in the Mongolian People's Republic. Founded at nearly the same time as Ulaanbaatar, in the seventh century CE, Ga...

Colors, Letters and Numbers. The three things that have been with us from infancy, to adolescence until now. No one ever thought that the symbols that were on our building blocks would symbolize what they do today. The movie Colors glorifie...

The Indus River dolphin (Platanista minor), known in Pakistan as the susu, is sometimes called the "blind dolphin" because its eyes lack lenses. This virtual blindness, scientists speculate, is due to the high silt content of...

A ganglion is a cluster of neuron cell bodies which occur outside the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). Neurons are made up of the cell body, with dendrites to conduct nerve impulses towards it and an axon to conduct nerv...

Gangsta rap is the most controversial style of the rap music genre. It has achieved global prominence through its vivid sexist, misogynistic, and homophobic lyrics, as well as its violent depiction of urban ghetto life in America. Gangsta ...

(2002 est. combined pop. 3.2 million). Kangwon Province, one of two provinces divided between North and South Korea, is located on the central eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula. Its combined area is 28,050 square kilometers, with 16,89...

(2002 est. pop. 27.1 million). Gansu (Kansu) Province is located in northern China at the upper reaches of the Huang (Yellow) River. In the west, the province borders on Qinghai and Xinjiang, in the north on Mongolia, in the east on Ningxi...

The Gap casual apparel stores have become a ubiquitous fixture in malls and urban shopping districts around the world. Their high-quality, classic designs have remained wardrobe staples for youthful customers, older shoppers, and their chi...

The study of garbage, through either archaeological excavation of landfills or analysis of fresh garbage, to determine what the composition of municipal solid waste says about the society that generated it. The term is associated with the ...

Where the American settler had wilderness at his or her doorstep, the contemporary American has created the lawn, a buffer of pseudo-nature between the public and private domain. Tending this landscape ornament has grown into an American p...

GARIFUNA RELIGION. The Garifuna are an ethnic group numbering roughly 300,000 with communities in some 40 villages dotting the Caribbean coasts of Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, and Belize. Their traditional ancestor-focused religion pres...

1911-1996 American algebraist and applied mathematician whose most important work is his theory of lattices, which influenced the development of quantum mechanics. Birkhoff believed strongly in applying mathematical concepts and had much s...

Garrigou-Lagrange, RÉginald Marie(1877–1964) Réginald Marie Garrigou-Lagrange notably influenced the revival of Thomism in some European and American philosophical circles. He was born Gontran-Marie Garrigou-Lagrange at...

"I was mediocre journalist, a mediocre musician, a mediocre actor, a mediocre athlete. I had to find something I could do well."1 A surprising beginning for a man who, on the night of January 28, 1979, had created the three toprated shows ...

Garve, Christian(1742–1798) Christian Garve, the German "popular philosopher," was born in Breslau. After studying at Frankfurt an der Oder, Halle, and Leipzig, he became extraordinary professor of philosophy at Leipzig...

American computer engineer who, with Robert Benner and John Gustafson, made significant contributions to the field of parallel computer processing. Parallel processing is the practice of linking a number of small computers together to form...

A gas is a state of matter, the others being solids and liquids. Gases are distinguished from the other states by the amount of energy the constituent molecules have. With gases the molecules making up the gas have virtually completely fre...

Respiratory gaseous exchange occurs between the interior of an organism and the environment. In all animals with a vascular system, in which the blood transports respiratory gases, there is a twofold gaseous exchange within actively respir...