EXPLAIN BOTH BOYLE'S AND CHARLES' LAW Boyle's law: pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume when temperature is constant. For example if the pressure slowly rises in a container, the volume will slowly drop. P = 1/V. Ch...

Anselme Payen (1795-1871) and Garrett Augustus Morgan are credited with inventing the modern gas mask. Payen, a French chemist, was the son of an industrialist who established chemical factories. After his father's death, Payen took over t...

Gasoline is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons distilled from crude oil that is used as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. Gasoline was invented after discovery of crude oil in the late 1850s when various refining processes were develop...

1560-1624 Danish physiologist and botanist who described more than 6,000 medicinal plants. Encouraging both individual and collaborative efforts, he convinced the universities to work together to share discoveries in their botanical garden...

Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis was a French engineer and mathematician best known for his discovery of the Coriolis effect, or force, which has great significance in astrophysics, stellar dynamics, and the earth sciences, such as meteorology ...

1581-1625 Italian physician who investigated the anatomy of the digestive system. As a professor of anatomy at Pavia, he cut open a recently fed dog and noted white structures though the mesentery and along the surface of the intestines th...

1546-1599 Italian surgeon known as the "father of plastic surgery." He became famous throughout Europe for his inventive operation, called Italian or tagliacotian rhinoplasty, which he performed on patients who lacked a compl...

Stomach flushing is a technique in which fluids are repeatedly pumped in and out of the stomach through a tube from the nose into the stomach. It's done to help control bleeding in the stomach or intestines, or to remove poisons from the s...

The human digestive system, like those of other vertebrates, is built around an alimentary canal - a one way tube that passes through the body. The function of the digestive system is to convert foods into simple molecules that can be a...

Gated communities are residential areas, ranging in size from individual streets and neighborhoods to entire cities, enclosed by walls and gates that are intended to prevent unauthorized entry by nonresidents. In many gated communities fur...

A Gathering of Old Men by Ernest J. Gaines Emest J. Gaines was born January 15, 1933, in Oscar, Louisiana, and began his life among cotton pickers in the old slaves' quarters at River Lake Plantation. Although he moved as a teenager to Cali...

GAUḌAPᾹDA, Indian philosopher, was the reputed para-ma-guru ("teacher's teacher") of Śaṅkara. Information about Gauḍapāda is scant and has been subject to scholarly controversy...

Gauley Bridge, West Virginia, was the scene of a landmark case of environmental racism—one involving a conflict between the powerful and the powerless, between African-Americans and whites in 1930 to 1931. A contracting company, Rin...

The Buddha (563-480 B.C.) was an Indian philosopher, religious teacher, and the historical founder of Buddhism. He is regarded variously as a human spiritual teacher or an omniscient, active deity. India during the 6th century B.C. was a l...

While homosexuality has been documented in most cultures throughout history, the modern American gay male community began to form itself in the early 1900s. The word "gay," once widely used in the nineteenth century to descri...

One of the first and most effective environmentalists elected to the U.S. Senate, Gaylord Nelson is considered the father of Earth Day and sponsored many of the important environmental laws passed by Congress in the 1960s and 1970s. As gov...

Gaza Strip The Gaza Strip is part of Palestine, a term that refers to the entity which has governed the Palestinian Arabs of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip since 1994. As of 2005 Palestine had not yet become an independent sovereign stat...

1895-1985 Hungarian mathematician who published numerous articles and contributed to the study of orthogonal polynomials and Toeplitz matrices. After graduating from Budapest University, Szego studied at the German universities of Berlin a...

A gear is a component of a machine that is designed to transfer motion between rotating shafts. A gear usually consists of a wheel with teeth around its edges, and gears operate in pairs as the teeth of one gear slip into the teeth of the ...

Tests of General Educational Development (Ged) Measures literacy and computational skills compared to most high school graduates. The Tests of General Education Development are a battery of tests designed to measure an individuar s literac...

Geisha are professional entertainers and hostesses, skilled in the traditional Japanese arts. They are found throughout Japan; the largest and most highly respected geisha districts, however, are in Kyoto and Tokyo. The Western tendency to...

Gel electrophoresis is a widely used technique for separating electrically charged molecules. It is a central technique in molecular biology and genetics laboratories, because it lets researchers separate and purify the nucleic acids DNA a...

Once given its trademarked name, Jell-O quickly became "America's Most Famous Dessert" with more than one million boxes sold every day by the late 1990s. Even more than apple pie or hot dogs, Jell-O epitomizes not just...

DGE LUGS PA. The Dge lugs pa (Geluk pa) order of Tibetan Buddhism was founded in the early fifteenth century by Tsong kha pa (1357–1419) in the area of Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. He established a monastic university on a mountain ...

c. 130-c. 70 B.C. Greek Philosopher, Astronomer, and Mathematician The most important contribution of Geminus to mathematics was his classification of mathematical disciplines, and his efforts to define both mathematics and science. He als...