A caldera is a large, usually circular depression at the summit of a volcano. Most calderas are formed by subsidence or sinking of the central part of the volcano; a rare few are excavated by violent explosions. Craters and calderas are di...

Calendars have always been based on the Sun, Earth, and Moon. Ancient people observed that the position of the Sun in the sky changed with the seasons. They also noticed that the stars seemed to change position in the night sky throughout ...

Caliche and calcrete are obsolete terms for well-developed calcic horizons that are common to soils in arid and semi-arid areas, and which are now known to soil scientists and geomorphologists as Bk or K horizons. Caliche is also a colloqu...

Voted into law in 1994 by California voters Reprinted from Glenn Spencer's American Patrol Report (Web site) California voters approve a law designed to stop immigrants without visas from receiving public benefits from the state &#x...

CALIPHATE. The office of "successor" to the prophet Muḥammad as the leader of the Muslim community is a uniquely Islamic institution. Hence the anglicization caliphate is preferable to inadequate translations of the te...

In Jack London's Call of the Wild Buck- a St. Bernard and Scotch Shepherd mix, is stolen from his civilized life in Santa Clara and suddenly has to adapt to a cold, harsh life in the Yukon Territory. Buck's lifestyle is going through many ...

c. 370-c. 310 B.C. Greek astronomer and mathematician who used mathematical astronomy for a number of purposes, including the creation of a 76-year cycle that aligned the solar and lunar years. Later astronomers used the 940-month calendar...

In the seventeenth century, scientists held a clear association between heat and motion of constituent particles. Heat became recognized as a fluid that flowed from hot objects to cold ones. During Galileo's time, this heat fluid was known...

A calorimeter is a scientific instrument used to measure the heat generated or absorbed in a chemical reaction or physical process. We owe the invention of this device to an observation made just before the turn of the nineteenth century b...

Imaginative, hilariously drawn, at times philosophical—all the while retaining a child's perspective—this daily and Sunday comic strip has been compared to the best of the classic comics. Written and drawn by Bill Watt...

John Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933) was the thirtieth president of the United States. He has become symbolic of the smug and self-satisfied conservatism that helped bring on the Great Depression. Calvin Coolidge (he dropped the John after col...

Calvin Trillin is an important literary journalist whose most acclaimed work to date is Remembering Denny (1993), his rumination on the meaning of the life of a classmate at Yale who appeared destined for great things but whose life ended ...

(2001 est. 11.4 million). Cambodia occupies 181,040 square kilometers of peninsular Southeast Asia. Modern Cambodia is bordered by Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, and the Gulf of Thailand, which is a part of the South China Sea. It is all that re...

On 18 March 1970, while Cambodia's leader, Prince Norodom Sihanouk (b. 1922), was on an official visit to the Soviet Union, he was deposed by his country's national assembly. Leading the coup against Sihanouk were his erstwhi...

The Cambrian period (570 million years ago) marks an extraordinary shift in the evolution of life. It ushers in the beginning of the Paleozoic Era (the age of ancient life). Cambrian period and surrounding time periods. Era Period Epo...

Cambridge by Caryl Phillips Born in 1958 on the West Indian island of St. Kitts, Caryl Phillips was raised in Britain, where his family immigrated soon after his birth. While studying English literature at Oxford University, Phillips took a...

MYTH AND RITUAL SCHOOL. The term Myth and Ritual school refers to two movements, one in Great Britain in the second quarter of the twentieth century, connected with the name of S. H. Hooke of the University of London, and the other, less c...

Capturing an image from life was long ago the sole proprietorship of the skilled artist, whose brushstrokes precisely recreated portraits of man and landscape on canvas. That art is now shared by anyone who cares to peer through a camera&...

Republic of Cameroon République du Cameroun CAPITAL: Yaoundé FLAG: The flag is a tricolor of green, red, and yellow vertical stripes with one gold star imprinted in the center of the red stripe. ANTHEM: The national anthem be...

Camille Jordan published papers in all branches of mathematics. In analysis he discovered the bounded function. In topology he investigated the relationship between a plane and a closed curve. However it is for algebra that Jordan is best ...

Golgi was born in Corteno, Italy, on July 7, 1843, the son of a physician. His home town was later renamed Corteno-Golgi in his honor. Golgi studied medicine at the University of Pavia, where he received his M.D. in 1865. After graduation,...

Predation is an instinctive animal behavior that involves the pursuit, capture, and immediate killing of animals for food. Birds that capture insects in flight, starfish that attack marine invertebrates, and tigers that pursue gazelle are ...

Campaign Finance Wherever one finds elections, one finds money. Add to this truism the fact that citizens always pay for parties and elections, whatever the particular financing scheme (private, public, or some mix). In spite of the appare...

Campbell, Norman Robert(1880 and George Schlesinger, Method in the Physical Sciences (London: Routledge and Paul, 1963), Ch. 3, Sec. 5....

Millions of Americans each year participate in the universal activity Camping. For some this involves driving an hour north and parking in a RV park for a weekend in their amazingly luxurious campers. For others, they choose to get more rem...