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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The Burgess fauna follow the beginning of what era?
(a) Pezozoic Era.
(b) Paleozoic Era.
(c) Mesozoic Era.
(d) Maleozoic Era.

2. What pushed Whittington beyond the idea he struggled under?
(a) Yohoia.
(b) Opabinia.
(c) Wiwaxia.
(d) Marella.

3. What kind of lessons does Stephen Jay Gould draw from how the Burgess Shale was first interpreted?
(a) Methodological and philosophical lessons.
(b) Conservative and biological lessons.
(c) Medieval and historical lessons.
(d) Religious and traditional lessons.

4. What did Walcott think Opabinia was just another one of?
(a) Plant.
(b) Anemone.
(c) Crustacean.
(d) Mollusk.

5. What does the evolution of life contain, according to Gould's explanations and illustrations?
(a) "Reconstruction and growth."
(b) "Decimation and diversification."
(c) "Annihilation and acceptance."
(d) "Agreement and speculation."

Short Answer Questions

1. After publishing his first monograph, which two graduate students did Whittington employ?

2. What did Whittington use to dissect the carapace of Opabinia?

3. What does Gould strain to emphasize for his audience?

4. What did Whittington later note that he labored under?

5. What association does Gould make with progress and evolution?

Short Essay Questions

1. What dominant paradigm about the Burgess fossils was Whittington pressured to conform to?

2. Why did Whittington approach Yohoia less conservatively?

3. What sorts of new procedures did Whittington's team use?

4. Why do paleontologists find Opabinia unbelievable and fascinating?

5. What did Whittington find Opabinia to actually be?

6. What did Leif Størmer decide to do in contrast to Walcott?

7. How does Gould begin Chapter 2: A Background for the Burgess Shale?

8. What is the first chapter of "Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History" about?

9. Name four levels of the taxonomy of life.

10. What is the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras famous?

(see the answer keys)

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