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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Where is the Burgess Shale?
(a) Mt. Everest.
(b) England.
(c) The Appalachian Mountains.
(d) The Canadian Rockies.

2. How much of all marine life died during the greatest extinction in history?
(a) 47%
(b) 96%.
(c) 89%.
(d) 5%.

3. What compose eras?
(a) Epochs and Ages.
(b) Periods.
(c) Times and Seasons.
(d) Advents and Periods.

4. What does Gould's new interpretation emphasize about human evolution?
(a) It has five orders.
(b) It has a single order.
(c) It has two orders.
(d) It has no single order.

5. What was Opabinia's frontal nozzle not?
(a) Part of its head.
(b) A proboscis.
(c) A carapace.
(d) A second mouth.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Gould represent the original interpretation as?

2. How many years did Whittington spend on his 1979 monograph?

3. What did Whittington later note that he labored under?

4. Who newly interpreted the Burgess animals in 1971?

5. What did the "death of the dinosaurs" boundary make possible?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Stephen Jay Gould desire to use the Burgess Shale for?

2. What did using these new methods allow Whittington's team to do?

3. How did Whittington try to uncover the bodily appendages of Opabinia?

4. What is the purpose of Chapter 2: A Background for the Burgess Shale?

5. How is the Precambrian Era defined?

6. What dominant paradigm about the Burgess fossils was Whittington pressured to conform to?

7. How did Walcott's taxonomy have to be significantly updated?

8. What is the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras famous?

9. What did Leif Størmer decide to do in contrast to Walcott?

10. Why could the acceptance of the new interpretation create within humans a psychological shock?

(see the answer keys)

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