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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did Whittington approach Yohoia?
(a) Less conservatively.
(b) Moderately liberally.
(c) More conservatively.
(d) Very liberally.

2. What does Gould determine about the difference between eukaryotic fauna and the Burgess fauna?
(a) The difference is minimalist.
(b) The difference is close.
(c) The difference is vast.
(d) The difference is microscopic.

3. How many general stages of fauna are between the two faunas both eukaryotic and of the Burgess Shale?
(a) Three.
(b) Two.
(c) Five.
(d) Four.

4. Why did Whittington dissect Opabinia?
(a) To find its liver.
(b) To uncover its bodily appendages.
(c) To uncover its organs.
(d) To look at its heart.

5. Who newly interpreted the Burgess animals in 1971?
(a) Dr. John Whit and his colleagues.
(b) Dr. Whittington of Yale and her husband.
(c) Professor Harry Whittington of Cambridge and his colleagues.
(d) Professor Matt Stephens and his wife.

Short Answer Questions

1. What make up periods?

2. In what fashion was the Burgess Shale actually discovered?

3. Who discovered Harry Whittington's analysis of fauna decades later?

4. What comprises the first 4 billion years of Earth's history?

5. How many specimens of Opabinia are in the Burgess Shale?

Short Essay Questions

1. What special insight or perspective does the Burgess Shale offer?

2. What did Stephen Jay Gould desire to use the Burgess Shale for?

3. What evidence favors Opabinia's uniqueness?

4. What is the purpose of Chapter 2: A Background for the Burgess Shale?

5. What did using these new methods allow Whittington's team to do?

6. Why are the Burgess Shale's arthropod designs odd?

7. Why did Whittington approach Yohoia less conservatively?

8. How does Gould begin Chapter 2: A Background for the Burgess Shale?

9. What dominant paradigm about the Burgess fossils was Whittington pressured to conform to?

10. What is the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras famous?

(see the answer keys)

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