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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did Whittington approach Yohoia?
(a) Moderately liberally.
(b) Less conservatively.
(c) Very liberally.
(d) More conservatively.

2. The Burgess fauna follow the beginning of what era?
(a) Paleozoic Era.
(b) Maleozoic Era.
(c) Mesozoic Era.
(d) Pezozoic Era.

3. What did the new methods Whittington and his team adopted help them do?
(a) Recast the fossils.
(b) Organize the fossils.
(c) Study the fossils.
(d) Transport the fossils.

4. How many years did Whittington spend on his 1979 monograph?
(a) Six months.
(b) Five and a half years.
(c) One year.
(d) Four and a half years.

5. What make up periods?
(a) Decades.
(b) Eras.
(c) Advents and Periods.
(d) Epochs.

6. How many levels are there in the taxonomy of life?
(a) Few.
(b) Hundreds.
(c) None.
(d) Several.

7. What cost comes with accepting Gould's picture of human evolution?
(a) Psychological cost.
(b) Monetary cost.
(c) Physical cost.
(d) Compensatory cost.

8. What is the most common organism among the Burgess Shale fossils?
(a) Marrella splendens.
(b) Titilla splendens.
(c) Sanctocaris.
(d) Signi marella.

9. What did Whittington attempt to do to many of the new species found in the Burgess Shale?
(a) Dissect them for a museum show.
(b) Reproduce them.
(c) Cyrogenically preserve them.
(d) Classify them into an already existing taxonomy.

10. When did Whittington publish his first monograph?
(a) 1987.
(b) 1974.
(c) 1969.
(d) 1971.

11. What did Whittington use to dissect the carapace of Opabinia?
(a) New stringents.
(b) New tools.
(c) Old tools.
(d) New methods.

12. What was Whittington's first monograph about?
(a) Marrella.
(b) Splendens.
(c) Goroia.
(d) Opabinia.

13. What kind of lessons does Stephen Jay Gould draw from how the Burgess Shale was first interpreted?
(a) Medieval and historical lessons.
(b) Religious and traditional lessons.
(c) Conservative and biological lessons.
(d) Methodological and philosophical lessons.

14. What are the evidences for Opabinia that are considered undeniable?
(a) The shape of its gut and the segments of its trunk.
(b) The segments of its gut and the shape of its trunk.
(c) The shape of its carapace and the segments of its trunk.
(d) The shape of its trunk and the segments of its gut.

15. When did Whittington publish a monograph on Yohoia?
(a) 1977.
(b) 1987.
(c) 1978.
(d) 1974.

Short Answer Questions

1. How many specimens of Opabinia are in the Burgess Shale?

2. After publishing his first monograph, which two graduate students did Whittington employ?

3. What could Whittington not figure out to do about Marrella?

4. What did Marrella and Yohoia still appear to be?

5. Where is the Burgess Shale?

(see the answer keys)

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