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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When did Whittington publish his first monograph?
(a) 1971.
(b) 1969.
(c) 1987.
(d) 1974.

2. Who discovered Harry Whittington's analysis of fauna decades later?
(a) Rutherford.
(b) Sebastian.
(c) Walcott.
(d) Des Collins.

3. How many years did Whittington spend on his 1979 monograph?
(a) Six months.
(b) One year.
(c) Four and a half years.
(d) Five and a half years.

4. What kind of appendages did Yohoia have?
(a) Unique.
(b) Normal.
(c) Severed.
(d) Fluffy.

5. In Gould's perspective, what historical understanding does the Burgess shale offer humanity?
(a) The idea of "contingency."
(b) The idea of "necrogenesis."
(c) The idea of "symbiosis."
(d) The idea of "plague."

6. Where was Opabinia quoted to belong?
(a) Among the crustaceans.
(b) With the arthropods.
(c) Nowhere among the known animals.
(d) In the third genus.

7. How many specimens of Opabinia are in the Burgess Shale?
(a) Six.
(b) Eight.
(c) Four.
(d) Ten.

8. What does the evolution of life contain, according to Gould's explanations and illustrations?
(a) "Agreement and speculation."
(b) "Decimation and diversification."
(c) "Annihilation and acceptance."
(d) "Reconstruction and growth."

9. How did Whittington approach Yohoia?
(a) Moderately liberally.
(b) Less conservatively.
(c) More conservatively.
(d) Very liberally.

10. What does Gould strain to emphasize for his audience?
(a) The evolution of marine life was unmitigated progress.
(b) The separation of single cell life was mitigated progress.
(c) The evolution of multi-cellular life was not unmitigated progress
(d) The dissipation of marine life was progress.

11. What are Marrella and Yohoia?
(a) Known animals from Earth.
(b) Evolutionary dead-ends.
(c) Animals from another universe.
(d) Evolutionary cousins.

12. How many levels are there in the taxonomy of life?
(a) Few.
(b) None.
(c) Hundreds.
(d) Several.

13. What cost comes with accepting Gould's picture of human evolution?
(a) Compensatory cost.
(b) Psychological cost.
(c) Physical cost.
(d) Monetary cost.

14. What kind of drama does Gould wish to recount that led to rejecting Walcott's interpretation?
(a) Emotional.
(b) Physical.
(c) Intellectual.
(d) Spiritual.

15. What kind of paradigm does Gould believe has not been communicated to the public?
(a) A controversial conservative paradigm.
(b) A leftover historical paradigm.
(c) A provoking platonic paradigm.
(d) A new research paradigm.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Gould's new interpretation emphasize about human evolution?

2. The Burgess fauna follow the beginning of what era?

3. What does the Burgess Shale represent that occurred 570 million years ago?

4. What did Marella have that no trilobite shared?

5. What was Yohoia specialized for?

(see the answer keys)

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