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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What kind of paradigm does Gould believe has not been communicated to the public?
(a) A controversial conservative paradigm.
(b) A leftover historical paradigm.
(c) A new research paradigm.
(d) A provoking platonic paradigm.

2. According to Gould, what kind of insight does the Burgess Shale offer into the nature of life and the evolution of life forms?
(a) Normal insight.
(b) Weird insight.
(c) Distasteful insight.
(d) Unique insight.

3. What did Whittington use to dissect the carapace of Opabinia?
(a) New stringents.
(b) New methods.
(c) New tools.
(d) Old tools.

4. What does Gould's new interpretation emphasize about human evolution?
(a) It has no single order.
(b) It has two orders.
(c) It has five orders.
(d) It has a single order.

5. What do the levels range from in the taxonomy of life?
(a) Phyla to species.
(b) Phyla to classes.
(c) Kingdom to species.
(d) Orders to genera.

6. Who proposes to use the Burgess Shale to illustrate the nature of history?
(a) Mary J. Gold.
(b) Steven Kay Gold.
(c) Stephen Jay Gould.
(d) Marie Janine Gold.

7. What part did Whittington dissect of Opabinia?
(a) The carapace.
(b) The head.
(c) The legs.
(d) The arms.

8. What did the "death of the dinosaurs" boundary make possible?
(a) The development of large mammals like humans.
(b) The development of large tortoises and sharks.
(c) The development of rodents.
(d) The development of smaller mammals.

9. What bizarre features does Opabinia possess?
(a) Twenty limbs.
(b) Frontal nozzle and five eyes.
(c) Eight noses and four eyes.
(d) No nose and three eyes.

10. In what year did Leif Størmer describe the Burgess Shale arthropods in a treatise?
(a) 1960.
(b) 1987.
(c) 1959.
(d) 1989.

11. How did the Burgess Shale's mysteries become apparent?
(a) A discovery of a fossil.
(b) A shift in mindset.
(c) A discovery of a chemical.
(d) An explanation of theory.

12. What cost comes with accepting Gould's picture of human evolution?
(a) Psychological cost.
(b) Compensatory cost.
(c) Physical cost.
(d) Monetary cost.

13. What did Whittington later note that he labored under?
(a) The two Bs: barren and barinal.
(b) The two Ps: primitive and precursor.
(c) The two Ds: decimation and destruction.
(d) The two Ps: polyanimate and precursor.

14. Where was Opabinia quoted to belong?
(a) Nowhere among the known animals.
(b) In the third genus.
(c) With the arthropods.
(d) Among the crustaceans.

15. What is the Burgess Shale?
(a) The Canadian Rockies.
(b) A territory of British Columbia.
(c) The smallest collection of fossils ever discovered.
(d) The largest collection of fossils ever discovered.

Short Answer Questions

1. What are the evidences for Opabinia that are considered undeniable?

2. Which fossils was Whittington an expert of?

3. When does the old story have Walcott miraculously stumble upon the Burgess Shale?

4. What does Gould determine about the difference between eukaryotic fauna and the Burgess fauna?

5. How does Walcott group the Burgess arthropods among the arthropod phylum?

(see the answer keys)

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