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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Walcott do for science by collecting and cataloging tens of thousands of new species?
(a) Betrayed his own principles.
(b) Betrayed science's aims.
(c) Completely revamped scientific studies.
(d) Greatly served the aims and goals of science.

2. What is the most common organism among the Burgess Shale fossils?
(a) Signi marella.
(b) Sanctocaris.
(c) Titilla splendens.
(d) Marrella splendens.

3. Who was America's "greatest paleontologist and scientific administrator"?
(a) Dr. Doolittle.
(b) Charles Walmont.
(c) Charlie VanGuarden.
(d) Charles Doolittle Walcott.

4. Where is the Burgess Shale?
(a) England.
(b) The Appalachian Mountains.
(c) The Canadian Rockies.
(d) Mt. Everest.

5. Where was Opabinia quoted to belong?
(a) With the arthropods.
(b) In the third genus.
(c) Nowhere among the known animals.
(d) Among the crustaceans.

6. What was Whittington armed with that helped him review the claim that Opabinia was an arthropod?
(a) Old instructional manuals.
(b) New tossils.
(c) New fossils.
(d) New techniques.

7. In Gould's perspective, what historical understanding does the Burgess shale offer humanity?
(a) The idea of "necrogenesis."
(b) The idea of "contingency."
(c) The idea of "plague."
(d) The idea of "symbiosis."

8. What did Gould describe as characteristic of arthropods?
(a) Odd segmented trunk.
(b) Hard, body shell.
(c) Noodly proboscis.
(d) Bodily appendages.

9. Who newly interpreted the Burgess animals in 1971?
(a) Professor Harry Whittington of Cambridge and his colleagues.
(b) Dr. John Whit and his colleagues.
(c) Dr. Whittington of Yale and her husband.
(d) Professor Matt Stephens and his wife.

10. What is one of the first tasks of the paleontologist after producing a clear specimen?
(a) Naturalize the environment and take samples.
(b) Categorize each file according to specimen.
(c) Write a monograph on observation alone.
(d) Classify the specimen in taxonomy.

11. What was Yohoia specialized for?
(a) A kingdom.
(b) A habitat.
(c) A species.
(d) An environment.

12. What does Gould determine about the difference between eukaryotic fauna and the Burgess fauna?
(a) The difference is vast.
(b) The difference is minimalist.
(c) The difference is close.
(d) The difference is microscopic.

13. What did Whittington attempt to do to many of the new species found in the Burgess Shale?
(a) Cyrogenically preserve them.
(b) Classify them into an already existing taxonomy.
(c) Dissect them for a museum show.
(d) Reproduce them.

14. What was Whittington's first monograph about?
(a) Goroia.
(b) Opabinia.
(c) Splendens.
(d) Marrella.

15. When did Whittington publish a monograph on Yohoia?
(a) 1987.
(b) 1974.
(c) 1978.
(d) 1977.

Short Answer Questions

1. What bizarre features does Opabinia possess?

2. What make up periods?

3. What did Whittington shockingly find after the dissection of Opabinia?

4. What part did Whittington dissect of Opabinia?

5. What kind of paradigm does Gould believe has not been communicated to the public?

(see the answer keys)

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