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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What association does Gould make with progress and evolution?
(a) Evolution is progress.
(b) Evolution doesn't always involve progress.
(c) Evolution always involves progress.
(d) Evolution is scattered progress.

2. Which creatures are representative of these four classes that survived the first great extinction?
(a) Dragonfly, crabs, and trilobites.
(b) Snails, crabs and dragonflies.
(c) Dragonfly, a fossil eurypterid, a crab and a trilobite
(d) Eurypterid, mollusk, sea cucumbers.

3. What part did Whittington dissect of Opabinia?
(a) The carapace.
(b) The arms.
(c) The head.
(d) The legs.

4. What did Whittington conclude about Yohoia in 1975?
(a) Yohoia is in multiple systems.
(b) Yohoia is a known arthropod.
(c) Yohoia is an unknown trilobite.
(d) Yohoia does not fit anywhere.

5. What did Walcott do for science by collecting and cataloging tens of thousands of new species?
(a) Betrayed science's aims.
(b) Greatly served the aims and goals of science.
(c) Betrayed his own principles.
(d) Completely revamped scientific studies.

6. What did Whittington use to dissect the carapace of Opabinia?
(a) New methods.
(b) New tools.
(c) Old tools.
(d) New stringents.

7. What kind of lessons does Stephen Jay Gould draw from how the Burgess Shale was first interpreted?
(a) Religious and traditional lessons.
(b) Medieval and historical lessons.
(c) Conservative and biological lessons.
(d) Methodological and philosophical lessons.

8. How did the Burgess Shale's mysteries become apparent?
(a) An explanation of theory.
(b) A shift in mindset.
(c) A discovery of a chemical.
(d) A discovery of a fossil.

9. How many general stages of fauna are between the two faunas both eukaryotic and of the Burgess Shale?
(a) Four.
(b) Two.
(c) Five.
(d) Three.

10. When did Whittington publish a monograph on Yohoia?
(a) 1978.
(b) 1987.
(c) 1974.
(d) 1977.

11. How many years did Whittington spend on his 1979 monograph?
(a) Six months.
(b) Four and a half years.
(c) Five and a half years.
(d) One year.

12. What make up periods?
(a) Advents and Periods.
(b) Epochs.
(c) Decades.
(d) Eras.

13. In what fashion was the Burgess Shale actually discovered?
(a) A more mundane fashion.
(b) A sympathetic fashion.
(c) A reasonable fashion.
(d) A respectable fashion.

14. When was the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras?
(a) 20 thousand years ago.
(b) 225 million years ago.
(c) 355 million years ago.
(d) 225 thousand years ago.

15. Who proposes to use the Burgess Shale to illustrate the nature of history?
(a) Marie Janine Gold.
(b) Mary J. Gold.
(c) Stephen Jay Gould.
(d) Steven Kay Gold.

Short Answer Questions

1. What kind of paradigm does Gould believe has not been communicated to the public?

2. What did Whittington shockingly find after the dissection of Opabinia?

3. What did Gould describe as characteristic of arthropods?

4. Which progressive conception collapses because scientists do not fully understand the mechanisms of change?

5. What does Gould focus on to bring the Burgess Shale into clear view?

(see the answer keys)

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