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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Marella have that no trilobite shared?
(a) Large incisors.
(b) Twenty ligaments.
(c) Two backs.
(d) Appendages.

2. When did Whittington publish his first monograph?
(a) 1971.
(b) 1987.
(c) 1969.
(d) 1974.

3. Which fossils was Whittington an expert of?
(a) Trixony fossils.
(b) Trilobite fossils.
(c) Bezoar fossils.
(d) Pitolimite fossils.

4. What kinds of versions does the story of the Burgess Shale's discovery have?
(a) An old, less accurate version and a newer, more accurate version.
(b) Two of more or less the same version.
(c) A old, more accurate version and a newer, less accurate version.
(d) A newer, less accurate version and an older, more accurate version.

5. What are Marrella and Yohoia?
(a) Evolutionary dead-ends.
(b) Animals from another universe.
(c) Evolutionary cousins.
(d) Known animals from Earth.

6. What does Gould determine about the difference between eukaryotic fauna and the Burgess fauna?
(a) The difference is minimalist.
(b) The difference is vast.
(c) The difference is microscopic.
(d) The difference is close.

7. What did Marrella and Yohoia still appear to be?
(a) Arthropods.
(b) Unknown creatures.
(c) Crustaceans.
(d) Vertebrates.

8. When did Whittington begin studying Opabinia?
(a) 1978.
(b) 1980.
(c) 1975.
(d) 1890.

9. The Burgess fauna follow the beginning of what era?
(a) Paleozoic Era.
(b) Maleozoic Era.
(c) Mesozoic Era.
(d) Pezozoic Era.

10. According to Gould, what kind of insight does the Burgess Shale offer into the nature of life and the evolution of life forms?
(a) Weird insight.
(b) Unique insight.
(c) Distasteful insight.
(d) Normal insight.

11. After publishing his first monograph, which two graduate students did Whittington employ?
(a) Barry Moser and Simeon Martin.
(b) Jeremy Morris and Derek Briggs.
(c) Simon Conway Morris and Derek Briggs.
(d) Briggs Morris and Simon Conway.

12. How much of all marine life died during the greatest extinction in history?
(a) 89%.
(b) 47%
(c) 96%.
(d) 5%.

13. How many of these designs survived the first great extinction?
(a) Four.
(b) Twenty.
(c) Three.
(d) Ninety-eight.

14. How many new arthropod designs does The Burgess Shale contain?
(a) Twenty.
(b) Sixty.
(c) Twelve.
(d) Fifty.

15. What does Gould strain to emphasize for his audience?
(a) The separation of single cell life was mitigated progress.
(b) The evolution of multi-cellular life was not unmitigated progress
(c) The evolution of marine life was unmitigated progress.
(d) The dissipation of marine life was progress.

Short Answer Questions

1. Where is the Burgess Shale?

2. Where was Opabinia quoted to belong?

3. Who discovered Harry Whittington's analysis of fauna decades later?

4. What does Gould focus on to bring the Burgess Shale into clear view?

5. What did Whittington shockingly find after the dissection of Opabinia?

(see the answer keys)

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