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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How many major contingencies along the path toward human development does Gould guide the reader through?
(a) Seven.
(b) Four.
(c) Eight.
(d) Nine.

2. Which old category did the team focus on to classify Opabinia?
(a) "Trilobites."
(b) "Mechanisms."
(c) "Beetles."
(d) "Worms."

3. Why did Whittington's next classification pose a problem?
(a) His tools malfunction.
(b) Whittington loses his classification charts.
(c) Naraoia cannot be classified with an arthropod group.
(d) Yohoia cannot be classified with an arthropod group.

4. What large crab with an enormous number of spines did Collins publish a monograph on in 1985?
(a) Sanctacaris.
(b) Phylocaticis.
(c) Malactaris.
(d) Eskesis.

5. What are the two Ps?
(a) Progression and Promise.
(b) Predilect and prominent.
(c) Promotion and progressive.
(d) Primitive and precursor.

6. What complex creature did Morris decide to focus on?
(a) Trixolo.
(b) Wiwaxia.
(c) Phylomari.
(d) Normaia.

7. What did Gould say the next generation must do with the Burgess Shale?
(a) Work on it with new techniques and forms of analysis.
(b) Work on it with new techniques and forms of paradigms.
(c) Fix it with revised techniques and forms of analysis.
(d) Work on it with old techniques and forms of analysis.

8. What did Anomalocaris appear to represent?
(a) Another new kingdom.
(b) Another new taxonomy.
(c) Another new species.
(d) Another new phylum.

9. What is the problem with the Burgess Shale in relation to many of the similarities and distinctions?
(a) Few are unknown and there are so many different classifications.
(b) Only two are known and there are no classifications to put them in.
(c) Many are unknown and this makes classification difficult.
(d) The classification system needs a complete overview.

10. What happened from 1971 through 1978 that changed everything?
(a) Sporadic leaps in clarity.
(b) Years of scientific debate.
(c) Two months of pondering.
(d) Gradually.

11. What does Act 4 do?
(a) Skip to the fifth act.
(b) Slow things down.
(c) Keep things conservative.
(d) Speed things up.

12. What did Whittington first think about Naraoia?
(a) It is a unique form of trilobite.
(b) It is the grandfather of Marella.
(c) It is the cousin of Yohoia.
(d) It is the first trilobite.

13. What did the dissenter believe should happen to Aysehaia?
(a) It should jump two classes.
(b) It should not exist.
(c) It should be retained in a known class.
(d) It should spread to the lower classes.

14. What did Whittington restrain Morris from doing?
(a) From underreaching.
(b) From spinning out of control.
(c) From holding on to hard to his lessons.
(d) From overreaching.

15. What does Leanchoilia have that makes it look bizarre?
(a) Two toothy fins.
(b) A very large mouth.
(c) Two appendages that split into three whip-like extensions.
(d) A trivalve.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the third stage of the fauna?

2. What kind of picture do scientists have of multi-cellular animal life because of the Burgess Shale?

3. What is the name of the class of Burgess arthropods?

4. What was once often a focus of the fauna?

5. What kind of similarities and differences must scientists attend to?

(see the answer keys)

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