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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When did many species of hominid exist?
(a) Five billion years ago.
(b) A million years ago.
(c) Two thousand years ago.
(d) Hundreds of thousands of years ago.

2. What new view did Whittington now understand?
(a) Many Burgess fossils fit within one known taxonomy.
(b) Many Burgess fossils cannot be placed in any known taxonomy.
(c) Few Burgess fossils cannot be placed in any known taxonomy.
(d) No Burgess fossils fit within any known taxonomy.

3. What did Morris publish while still in graduate school?
(a) 5 papers on new phyla.
(b) 4 papers.
(c) 6 monographs.
(d) 7 articles.

4. How did Gould come to understand the Burgess Shale?
(a) A "Palentologic Fortune."
(b) A "Mesozoic Mishap."
(c) A "Pre-Cambrian Finality."
(d) A "Cambrian Generality."

5. What did 1971 through 1978 bring for Whittington?
(a) Devastating news that his research was no longer financed.
(b) Revolutionary changes and a new shift in perspective.
(c) Ten more new fossils.
(d) No changes.

6. What did the dissenter believe should happen to Aysehaia?
(a) It should spread to the lower classes.
(b) It should jump two classes.
(c) It should not exist.
(d) It should be retained in a known class.

7. What did Whittington's revisions of the new paradigm become?
(a) A religious paradigm.
(b) A research paradigm.
(c) A statistical paradigm.
(d) A cultural paradigm.

8. What adjective describes how Whittington first felt when working on Naraoia?
(a) Excited.
(b) Frustrated.
(c) Anxious.
(d) Worried.

9. Where did Collins find another dig site?
(a) Five miles south of the original quarry.
(b) Five miles north of the original quarry.
(c) In Alaska.
(d) On the other side of the mountains.

10. What is Canadaspis?
(a) A squid.
(b) A nervous system.
(c) A carapace.
(d) A crustacean.

11. What is the second subtitle for the Act 5 chapter?
(a) Doomsday (There Are No Final Answers).
(b) Doomsday (There Are No Final Statements).
(c) Wednesday (There Are No Final Answers).
(d) Doomsday (There Are Final Answers).

12. What must evolutionary biologists specify concerning similarities and differences?
(a) Invertebrate types.
(b) Six types.
(c) Vertebrate types.
(d) Types and sub-types.

13. What does Opabinia need?
(a) A new species.
(b) A new kingdom.
(c) A new phylum.
(d) A new chordata.

14. What is the name of the small ribbon-shaped creation that is the first member known of the 'chordate' phylum?
(a) Nikaia.
(b) Pikaia.
(c) Oakaia.
(d) Mikaia.

15. What did Gould say the next generation must do with the Burgess Shale?
(a) Work on it with new techniques and forms of analysis.
(b) Fix it with revised techniques and forms of analysis.
(c) Work on it with old techniques and forms of analysis.
(d) Work on it with new techniques and forms of paradigms.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which class did Whittington's dissenter say Aysehaia should be in?

2. What does Act 4 do?

3. What did Gould note about the Burgess work at this time, in Act 5?

4. What are Derek Briggs and Simon Conway Morris described as?

5. Who dissented with Whittington about Aysehaia?

(see the answer keys)

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