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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Naraoia lead Whittington to do?
(a) Combine two classes to create Trilobitoidea.
(b) Begin a new class called Trilobitoidea.
(c) Dismiss Naraoia as a fluke.
(d) Dismiss the entire class Trilobitoidea as artificial.

2. What must evolutionary biologists specify concerning similarities and differences?
(a) Invertebrate types.
(b) Types and sub-types.
(c) Six types.
(d) Vertebrate types.

3. What five new species did Morris find?
(a) Fologenia, Maskinal, Odontogriphus, Dinomischus, and Hallucigenia.
(b) Hallucigenia, Odontogriphus, Dinomischus, Maskinal, and Frutogenia.
(c) Hallucigenia, Odontogriphus, Dinomischus, Amiskwia, and Malaria.
(d) Nectocaris, Odontogriphus, Dinomischus, Amiskwia, and Hallucigenia.

4. What did Whittington's revisions of the new paradigm become?
(a) A statistical paradigm.
(b) A religious paradigm.
(c) A research paradigm.
(d) A cultural paradigm.

5. What do we not know about mass extinction?
(a) Why mass extinction will never happen again.
(b) Why mass extinction is so predictable.
(c) Why mass extinction worked as it did.
(d) Why mass extinction no longer exists.

6. What does Opabinia need?
(a) A new kingdom.
(b) A new species.
(c) A new chordata.
(d) A new phylum.

7. When did prokaryotic cells exist?
(a) At 6.7 billion years.
(b) At 3.5 billion years.
(c) At 3.5 million years.
(d) At 3.7 billion years.

8. What is the name of the class of Burgess arthropods?
(a) Istoperoids.
(b) Momomoids.
(c) Merostomoids.
(d) Cansteromoids.

9. What does the second stage of contingency describe?
(a) The progression of prokaryotes.
(b) The developmental path of eukaryotic organisms.
(c) The origins of life.
(d) How mammals survived.

10. What type of relationship does Gould say Oxford advisers have with their students?
(a) A premature relationship.
(b) Little to no relationship.
(c) A strong relationship.
(d) A mature relationship.

11. What does Chapter 4 argue that the story of history is about?
(a) Majority.
(b) Contingency.
(c) Philosophy.
(d) Historicity.

12. Where did Collins find another dig site?
(a) Five miles south of the original quarry.
(b) In Alaska.
(c) On the other side of the mountains.
(d) Five miles north of the original quarry.

13. What did Morris publish while still in graduate school?
(a) 5 papers on new phyla.
(b) 7 articles.
(c) 6 monographs.
(d) 4 papers.

14. How does Gould say diversity could possibly have expanded?
(a) Evenly or even logarithmically.
(b) Geometrically.
(c) Narrowly.
(d) Exponentially less.

15. What prevented Collins from excavating at Walcott's quarry?
(a) Marginal reasons.
(b) Philosophical reasons.
(c) Geological reasons.
(d) Ecological reasons.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Act 3 explain?

2. When did many species of hominid exist?

3. What did 1971 through 1978 bring for Whittington?

4. What is the seventh stage of development about?

5. Which class did Whittington's dissenter say Aysehaia should be in?

(see the answer keys)

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