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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the third stage of the fauna?
(a) The introduction of the spine.
(b) The Pre-Cambrian explosion.
(c) The introduction of the egg.
(d) The Cambrian explosion.

2. What do we not know about mass extinction?
(a) Why mass extinction worked as it did.
(b) Why mass extinction will never happen again.
(c) Why mass extinction no longer exists.
(d) Why mass extinction is so predictable.

3. Which class did Whittington's dissenter say Aysehaia should be in?
(a) Onychophora.
(b) Ekydidophora.
(c) Marinophora.
(d) Amaraphora.

4. What adjectives describe Whittington?
(a) Mild, warm, liberal.
(b) Thankful, gracious, kind.
(c) Quiet, mousy, whimsical.
(d) Kind, conservative, mild-mannered.

5. What must evolutionary biologists specify concerning similarities and differences?
(a) Vertebrate types.
(b) Six types.
(c) Invertebrate types.
(d) Types and sub-types.

6. What is the subtitle for this segment of the book?
(a) Omission and Codiication of an Argument
(b) Timelines and Codification of an Argument
(c) Completion and Codiication of an Argument
(d) Completion and Codification of an Argument

7. What is the second subtitle for the Act 5 chapter?
(a) Doomsday (There Are Final Answers).
(b) Doomsday (There Are No Final Answers).
(c) Doomsday (There Are No Final Statements).
(d) Wednesday (There Are No Final Answers).

8. What large crab with an enormous number of spines did Collins publish a monograph on in 1985?
(a) Sanctacaris.
(b) Phylocaticis.
(c) Malactaris.
(d) Eskesis.

9. What is the problem with the Burgess Shale in relation to many of the similarities and distinctions?
(a) Only two are known and there are no classifications to put them in.
(b) The classification system needs a complete overview.
(c) Many are unknown and this makes classification difficult.
(d) Few are unknown and there are so many different classifications.

10. What did Whittington's revisions of the new paradigm become?
(a) A statistical paradigm.
(b) A religious paradigm.
(c) A research paradigm.
(d) A cultural paradigm.

11. According to Dolf Seilacher, what did early eukaryotes exhibit?
(a) A complexity that could have led to more diversity.
(b) A simplicity that could have led to narrower diversity.
(c) A simplicity that could have led to more diversity.
(d) A complexity that could have led to narrower diversity.

12. What happened from 1971 through 1978 that changed everything?
(a) Two months of pondering.
(b) Years of scientific debate.
(c) Gradually.
(d) Sporadic leaps in clarity.

13. What does the second stage of contingency describe?
(a) How mammals survived.
(b) The origins of life.
(c) The developmental path of eukaryotic organisms.
(d) The progression of prokaryotes.

14. What did Gould say the next generation must do with the Burgess Shale?
(a) Work on it with new techniques and forms of analysis.
(b) Work on it with old techniques and forms of analysis.
(c) Work on it with new techniques and forms of paradigms.
(d) Fix it with revised techniques and forms of analysis.

15. What complex creature did Morris decide to focus on?
(a) Trixolo.
(b) Normaia.
(c) Wiwaxia.
(d) Phylomari.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did Gould come to understand the Burgess Shale?

2. What does the 'grab bag' provided by the Burgess Shale consist of?

3. What was Whittington the world expert on at the time?

4. What did Whittington next begin work on?

5. What prevented Collins from excavating at Walcott's quarry?

(see the answer keys)

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