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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. The revised OMB standards since 1997 identify a minimum of how many racial categories?

2. What is the fourth of five stages that whites pass through in dealing with race, according to the author in Part III, Understanding Whiteness in a White Context, Chapter 6, The Development of White Identity?

3. What refers to independence or freedom, as of the will or one's actions?

4. What is the prejudicial treatment of an individual based on their membership in a certain group or category?

5. What means asserting, resulting from, or characterized by belief in the equality of all people, especially in political, economic, or social life?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does the author introduce the concept of affirmative action in Part III, Understanding Whiteness in a White Context, Chapter 7, White Identity and Affirmative Action?

2. When and how does Tatum describe the need for racial consciousness in biracial children in Part IV, Beyond Black and White, Chapter 9, Identity Development in Multiracial Families?

3. What is Tatum's response when white individuals in her seminars present reverse discrimination in regards to affirmative action in Part III, Understanding Whiteness in a White Context, Chapter 7, White Identity and Affirmative Action?

4. How does Tatum describe the development of white identity in Part III, Understanding Whiteness in a White Context, Chapter 6, The Development of White Identity?

5. What are the costs of a lack of a racial dialogue, according to the author in Part V, Breaking the Silence, Chapter 10, Embracing a Cross-Racial Dialogue?

6. At what age is biracial identity concreted, according to the author in Part IV, Beyond Black and White, Chapter 9, Identity Development in Multiracial Families?

7. What ethnic group is most responsible for a culture of silence according to the author in Part V, Breaking the Silence, Chapter 10, Embracing a Cross-Racial Dialogue? Why?

8. How does Tatum suggest Whites find redefinition in racial identity in Part III, Understanding Whiteness in a White Context, Chapter 6, The Development of White Identity?

9. In Part IV, Beyond Black and White, Chapter 8, Critical Issues in Latino, American Indian, and Asian Pacific American Identity Development, Tatum addresses what element as drawing together minorities?

10. What reactions can result from attempts to relate one's subculture to a broader culture, according to the author in Part IV, Beyond Black and White, Chapter 8, Critical Issues in Latino, American Indian, and Asian Pacific American Identity Development?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss alienation and social integration within minority society on college campuses. What makes this difficult for the students?

Essay Topic 2

Describe William Cross and the five stages of "nigrescence." When did Cross develop his theories of racial development?

Essay Topic 3

Describe and discuss the five stages of white racial development discussed in Read Part III, Understanding Whiteness in a White Context, Chapter 6, The Development of White Identity. How do these stages differ from the stages of black racial identity?

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