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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who sees a vision of a mysterious figure at the temple fate who tells of 'filthy things' going on inside?

2. In Canaan, women have sex with males in the community who come to honor ____________, according to Stone.

3. The Mesopotamian lamentation festival is connected with the __________ after the jubilation ceremonies of the sacred marriage.

4. The ___________, an incarnation of the Goddess, takes not a permanent husband, but rather annual lovers or consorts.

5. In an Iranian tale, __________ is warned that people have sinned, so he should build a vara, or fortress to protect civlization.

Short Essay Questions

1. Why does Gilgamesh spurn the proposal of marriage from Ishtar when she asks him to marry her?

2. What are some of the activities that take place at the temples of the era in which women ruled?

3. What does the Goddess Anath do as a sign that the Goddess religions are beginning to assimilate Northern ideas?

4. What were the abominations of the Canaanites that made them less than acceptable to the Hebrews?

5. What do the Aryans consider about themselves, which is something that extends to this day in some groups?

6. What are some of the ways the word 'qudishtu' is defined during the times of Moses?

7. What are the names of the three men who all link the Hebrews with Egypt's Indo-European royalty?

8. Why is it thought that the Canaanites were dispossessed of Palestine by the Hebrews?

9. What happens to the consort of the priestess at the end of his time with her in their sacred relationship?

10. What is the Mesopotamian lamentation festival connected with in ancient times?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The idea of the promised land as a sort of reward for practitioners of religion helps to secure control of the people.

Part 1: Why do you think the followers of the religion believed in the promised land?

Part 2: What do you think the followers believed would be in the promised land?

Part 3: Do you believe there is such a thing as a promised land? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 2

As groups conquered other lands, they forced their religion and their beliefs on those they conquered.

Part 1: Why was it important to spread one's religion and beliefs to other countries?

Part 2: Why were some people resistant to changing their beliefs?

Part 3: Why did some of these conquering people try to incorporate old beliefs in with the 'new' beliefs they brought to the lands?

Essay Topic 3

Women were deeply affected, it seems, by the presence of a more matriarchal society and structure.

Part 1: How were women affected by having a matriarchal society?

Part 2: How might women be affected today if the government and all positions of power were to be filled with women?

Part 3: What are the advantages and the disadvantages of a patriarchal society?

(see the answer keys)

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