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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who is the Sumerian Queen of Heaven, according to historical scholars and to evidence from the time period?
(a) Inanna
(b) Isis
(c) Hecate
(d) Astarte

2. Who charges Inanna with stealing the gifts of civilization from him, according to Stone?
(a) Indru
(b) Gilgamesh
(c) Enki
(d) Enlil

3. ____________ worship is described throughout the Middle East in the period of time of 3000 BCE.
(a) Sun
(b) Goddess
(c) God
(d) Animal

4. Archaeology indicates that societies revere the Mother Goddess as the supreme __________.
(a) Prophet
(b) Guardian
(c) Deity
(d) Sister

5. What do the words 'bala' in Sanskrit, or bull, and 'tura' from Akkadian times mean?
(a) Goddess
(b) Power
(c) Love
(d) Ignorance

6. ___________ women cannot engage in business and are killed for losing their virginity before marriage, even if they were raped.
(a) Libyan
(b) Egyptian
(c) Sumerian
(d) Hebrew

7. Priestly scribes appear to write out of ____________ motive more than religious fervor about supreme male deities and the institution of kingship.
(a) Ethical
(b) Political
(c) Moral
(d) Personal

8. Which area has communal marriage, according to the writings of Diodorus?
(a) Israel
(b) Ethiopia
(c) Iraq
(d) Libya

9. Which area has the sex roles for society reversed and where a warrior-Goddess is worshiped?
(a) Libya
(b) Egypt
(c) Israel
(d) Ethiopia

10. What is another name for Artemis, as discover by scholars in the classical Greek times?
(a) Apollo
(b) Diana
(c) Astarte
(d) Zeus

11. ___________ women work in business, hold real estate, lend money, and work as scribes around the time of 2000 BCE.
(a) Mittu
(b) Inan
(c) Concubine
(d) Naditu

12. Robertson Smith claims that in Arabia, all traits of the dominant Goddess are transferred to the _____________ before she is subordinated.
(a) Child
(b) God
(c) Male
(d) Land

13. Hittite armies often clash with ___________ in their attempts to try to control Canaan, according to Stone.
(a) Egyptians
(b) Romans
(c) Greeks
(d) Ethiopians

14. The ___________ are ruled by an Aryan warrior caste and worship old Indian deities, according to Stone.
(a) Hurrians
(b) Indian Goddesses
(c) Harrians
(d) Hittites

15. The _____________ invasions weaken the matrilineal tradition and the Dorians make patrilineal succession normative.
(a) Achaean
(b) Roman
(c) Iranian
(d) Ethiopian

Short Answer Questions

1. Hebrew women are inferior to their neighbors because they are needed to bear many __________.

2. Royal families were found to show that the Egyptian culture was ____________, according to Stone.

3. ____________ continues to be revered as the bestower of rights to shepherds and kings, suggesting matrilineal rights still apply to royalty.

4. What is NOT a city-state which is matrilineal, according to Stone?

5. In "The Golden Ass," the Goddess speaks of herself as ___________, manifesting herself in various gods and goddesses.

(see the answer keys)

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